Lists of figures in Germanic heroic legend

Last updated

The 9th c. Rok runestone lists names of Germanic heroes and events, but the significance of most of them is nowadays lost. Rokstenen 1.JPG
The 9th c. Rök runestone lists names of Germanic heroes and events, but the significance of most of them is nowadays lost.

The figures in the lists below are listed either by the name of their article on Wikipedia or, if there is no article, according to the name by which they are most commonly attested. A few figures widely known by an English, German and a Norse name will list both. As much as possible, names that vary greatly in different traditions indicate where the main entry is to be found.

Contents

Notes on the Þiðreks saga:

  1. As names in the Þiðreks saga typically adapt a German name, only figures that are not attested outside of the Þiðreks saga are listed under that name, even if most information on the figure is from the Þiðreks saga.
  2. Because the Þiðreks saga is based on German sources, it is counted as a German attestation.

Excluded from the list are:

  1. figures who are only mentioned as a relative, or in a list, may not have been included.
  2. figures who have been multiplicated in e.g. Gesta Danorum and Skjöldunga saga, such as the many Fróðis and Halfdans (corresponding to only one Froda and one Healfdene in the older Beowulf), may be treated in the same entry.
  3. figures who only appear in a Danish chronicle, such as Gesta Danorum, or are only mentioned in legendary sagas that are not part of the Heroic sagas [1] may not have been included.
  4. figures from the genre of minstrel epic are generally not included unless they are commonly discussed in secondary sources dealing with heroic epic in medieval Germany.
  5. gods and deities

Although this list excludes Germanic deities, it includes other entities stemming from Germanic folklore that appear in the legends (such as valkyries, dwarfs, giants, and jötnar).

Lists of figures in Germanic heroic legend

Other lists

Notes

  1. The heroic sagas: Völsunga saga, Norna-Gests þáttr, Hervarar saga, Hrólfs saga kraka, Sǫgubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum, and Ásmundar saga kappabana

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swedes (tribe)</span> North Germanic tribe

The Swedes were a North Germanic tribe who inhabited Svealand in central Sweden and one of the progenitor groups of modern Swedes, along with Geats and Gutes. They had their tribal centre in Gamla Uppsala.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hrothgar</span> Legendary Danish king

Hrothgar was a semi-legendary Danish king living around the early sixth century AD.

Fróði is the name of a number of legendary Danish kings in various texts including Beowulf, Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda and his Ynglinga saga, Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum, and the Grottasöngr. A Danish king by this name also appears as a minor character in the Middle High German epic Rabenschlacht. The name is possibly an eponym for the god Freyr.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wayland the Smith</span> Germanic mythological blacksmith

In Germanic mythology, Wayland the Smith is a master blacksmith originating in Germanic heroic legend, described by Jessie Weston as "the weird and malicious craftsman, Weyland".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ermanaric</span> 4th-century king of the Goths

Ermanaric was a Greuthungian Gothic king who before the Hunnic invasion evidently ruled a sizable portion of Oium, the part of Scythia inhabited by the Goths at the time. He is mentioned in two Roman sources: the contemporary writings of Ammianus Marcellinus, and in Getica by the sixth-century historian Jordanes. He also appears in a fictionalized form in later Germanic heroic legends.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germanic mythology</span> Body of mythology associated with historical Germanic paganism

Germanic mythology consists of the body of myths native to the Germanic peoples, including Norse mythology, Anglo-Saxon mythology, and Continental Germanic mythology. It was a key element of Germanic paganism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yngling</span> Mythological Swedish royal dynasty

The Ynglings were a dynasty of kings, first in Sweden and later in Norway, primarily attested through the poem Ynglingatal. The dynasty also appears as Scylfings in Beowulf. When Beowulf and Ynglingatal were composed sometime in the eighth to tenth centuries, the respective scop and skald (poet) expected his audience to have a great deal of background information about these kings, which is shown in the allusiveness of the references.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King of the Geats</span>

Geatish kings, ruling over the provinces of Götaland (Gautland/Geatland), appear in several sources for early Swedish history. Today, most of them are not considered historical.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germanic dragon</span> Dragons in Germanic mythology

Dragons, or worms, are present in Germanic mythology and wider folklore, where they are often portrayed as large venomous serpents. Especially in later tales, however, they share many common features with other dragons in European mythology.

Skuld was a princess of Scandinavian legend who married Heoroweard and encouraged him to kill Hroðulf in Hrólfs saga kraka. The accounts of her vary greatly from source to source. Skuld is derived from the Old Norse verb skulla, "need/ought to be/shall be"; its meaning is "that which should become, or that needs to occur". Other similarly named characters appear in the Skjöldunga saga and the Gesta Danorum, as well as the Chronicon Lethrense.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kings of the Angles</span> Legendary lists of English monarchs

The Angles were a dominant Germanic tribe in the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, and gave their name to the English, England and to the region of East Anglia. Originally from Angeln, present-day Schleswig-Holstein, a legendary list of their kings has been preserved in the heroic poems Widsith and Beowulf, and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skjöldr</span> King of the Danes

Skjöldr was among the first legendary Danish kings. He is mentioned in the Prose Edda, in Ynglinga saga, in Chronicon Lethrense, in Sven Aggesen's history, in Arngrímur Jónsson's Latin abstract of the lost Skjöldunga saga and in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum. Under the name Scyld he also appears in the Old English poem Beowulf. The various accounts have little in common.

Ingeld or Ingjaldr was a legendary warrior who appears in early English and Norse legends. Ingeld was so well known that, in 797, Alcuin wrote a letter to Bishop Higbald of Lindisfarne questioning the monks' interest in heroic legends with: 'Quid enim Hinieldus cum Christo?' - What has Ingeld to do with Christ?

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haddingjar</span> In Nordic and Germanic legends, two brothers or a reflection of the Hasdingi Vandals.

The Haddingjar refers on the one hand to Germanic heroic legends about two brothers by this name, and on the other hand to possibly related legends based on the Hasdingi, the royal dynasty of the Vandals. The accounts vary greatly.

<i>Þiðreks saga</i> Old Norse chivalric saga

Þiðreks saga af Bern is an Old Norse chivalric saga centering the character it calls Þiðrekr af Bern, who originated as the historical king Theoderic the Great (454–526), but who attracted a great many unhistorical Germanic heroic legends. The text is probably by a Norwegian scholar from the 1200s who translated a lost Low German prose narrative of Theoderic's life, or who compiled it from various German sources, or by an Icelandic scholar from the 1300s. It is a pre-eminent source for a wide range of medieval Germanic legends.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigurd</span> Fictional character in Germanic and Norse mythology

Sigurd or Siegfried is a legendary hero of Germanic heroic legend, who killed a dragon - known in some Old Norse sources as Fáfnir - and who was later murdered. It is possible he was inspired by one or more figures from the Frankish Merovingian dynasty, with Sigebert I being the most popular contender. Older scholarship sometimes connected him with Arminius, victor of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. He may also have a purely mythological origin. Sigurd's story is first attested on a series of carvings, including runestones from Sweden and stone crosses from the British Isles, dating from the eleventh century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norse mythology</span> Mythology of the North Germanic peoples

Norse, Nordic, or Scandinavian mythology is the body of myths belonging to the North Germanic peoples, stemming from Old Norse religion and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia, and into the Nordic folklore of the modern period. The northernmost extension of Germanic mythology and stemming from Proto-Germanic folklore, Norse mythology consists of tales of various deities, beings, and heroes derived from numerous sources from both before and after the pagan period, including medieval manuscripts, archaeological representations, and folk tradition. The source texts mention numerous gods such as the thunder-god Thor, the raven-flanked god Odin, the goddess Freyja, and numerous other deities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dietrich von Bern</span> Legendary character based on Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great

Dietrich von Bern is the name of a character in Germanic heroic legend who originated as a legendary version of the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great. The name "Dietrich", meaning "Ruler of the People", is a form of the Germanic name "Theodoric". In the legends, Dietrich is a king ruling from Verona (Bern) who was forced into exile with the Huns under Etzel by his evil uncle Ermenrich. The differences between the known life of Theodoric and the picture of Dietrich in the surviving legends are usually attributed to a long-standing oral tradition that continued into the sixteenth century. Most notably, Theodoric was an invader rather than the rightful king of Italy and was born shortly after the death of Attila and a hundred years after the death of the historical Gothic king Ermanaric. Differences between Dietrich and Theodoric were already noted in the Early Middle Ages and led to a long-standing criticism of the oral tradition as false.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germanic heroic legend</span> Heroic literary traditions of the Germanic-speaking peoples

Germanic heroic legend is the heroic literary tradition of the Germanic-speaking peoples, most of which originates or is set in the Migration Period. Stories from this time period, to which others were added later, were transmitted orally, traveled widely among the Germanic speaking peoples, and were known in many variants. These legends typically reworked historical events or personages in the manner of oral poetry, forming a heroic age. Heroes in these legends often display a heroic ethos emphasizing honor, glory, and loyalty above other concerns. Like Germanic mythology, heroic legend is a genre of Germanic folklore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germanic boar helmet</span> Decorated helmet in Germanic cultures

Germanic boar helmets are attested in archaeological finds from England and Sweden, dating to Vendel and Anglo-Saxon periods, and Old English and Old Norse written sources. They consist of helmets decorated with either a boar crest or other boar imagery that was believed to offer protection in battle to the wearer. They have also been proposed to be a costume for the ritual transformation into a boar, similar to berserkers, and to be associated with Freyr.