Clusterin is a 75-80 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein associated with the clearance of cellular debris and apoptosis. In humans, clusterin is encoded by the CLU gene on chromosome 8. CLU is a molecular chaperone responsible for aiding protein folding of secreted proteins, and its three isoforms have been differentially implicated in pro- or antiapoptotic processes. Through this function, CLU is involved in many diseases related to oxidative stress, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, inflammatory diseases, and aging.
Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EBAG9 gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA1 gene.
Cancer/testis antigen 1 also known as LAGE2 or LAGE2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTAG1B gene. It is most often referenced by its alias NY-ESO-1.
Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA3 gene.
Protein SSX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX2 gene.
PRAME is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRAME gene. Five alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed for this gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA2 gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEC2 gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGED2 gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEB2 gene.
G antigen family D member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XAGE1D gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA11 gene. It is also involved in the androgen and progesterone receptor signaling pathways.
Melanoma-associated antigen 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA12 gene.
Protein SSX5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX5 gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen D4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGED4B gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA9 gene.
Melanoma antigen family A, 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA8 gene.
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are a group of proteins united by their importance in development and in cancer immunotherapy. In general, expression of these proteins is restricted to male germ cells in the adult animal. However, in cancer these developmental antigens are often re-expressed and can serve as a locus of immune activation. Thus, they are often classified as tumor antigens. The expression of CT antigens in various malignancies is heterogeneous and often correlates with tumor progression. CT antigens have been described in melanoma, liver cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and pediatric tumors such as neuroblastoma. Gametogenesis offers an important role for many of these antigens in the differentiation, migration, and cell division of primordial germ cells, spermatogonia spermatocytes and spermatids. Because of their tumor-restricted expression and strong in vivo immunogenicity, CT antigens are identified as ideal targets for tumor specific immunotherapeutic approaches and prompted the development of several clinical trials of CT antigens-based vaccine therapy. CT antigens have been found to have at least 70 families so far, including about 140 members, most of which are expressed during spermatogenesis. Their expression are mainly regulated by epigenetic events, specifically, DNA methylation.
MAGEA10 is a protein-coding gene in humans clustered at chromosomal location Xq28.
