The political system in East Timor is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic,whereby the Prime Minister of East Timor is the head of government and the President of East Timor functions as head of state. East Timor has a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The East Timorese constitution was modelled on that of Portugal,with lesser power given to the president. The country is still in the process of building its administration and governmental institutions. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated East Timor a "flawed democracy" in 2022.
The prime minister of East Timor,officially the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste,is the head of government in East Timor.
The National Parliament is the unicameral national legislature in East Timor. It was created in 2001 as the Constituent Assembly while the country was still administered by the United Nations,but renamed itself to the National Parliament with the attaining of national independence on 20 May 2002.
Estanislau da Conceição Aleixo Maria da Silva is an East Timorese politician and a key member of Fretilin. He was acting Prime Minister from May 2007 to August 2007.
JoséLuís Guterres is an East Timorese politician and diplomat.
East Timor and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 2002. Both share the island of Timor. Indonesia invaded the former Portuguese colony in 1975 and annexed East Timor in 1976,maintaining East Timor as its 27th province until a United Nations-sponsored referendum in 1999,in which the people of East Timor chose independence. Following a United Nations interim administration,East Timor gained independence in 2002. Indonesia already had a consulate in Dili during the Portuguese colonial period,though Indonesia formalized their relations by establishing an embassy in Dili. Since October 2002,East Timor has an embassy in Jakarta and consulates in Denpasar and Kupang. Relations between the two countries are generally considered highly positive,despite various problems. Numerous agreements regulate cooperation in different areas. East Timorese are visa-free in Indonesia.
Parliamentary elections were held in East Timor on 22 July 2017. Fretilin narrowly emerged as the largest party in the National Parliament,winning 23 seats to the 22 won by the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction,which had been the largest party in the outgoing Parliament.
The VIII Constitutional Government was the eighth Constitutional Government under the Constitution of East Timor. Formed on 22 June 2018,and restructured in mid-2020,it was led by the country's seventh Prime Minister,Taur Matan Ruak,and was replaced by the IX Constitutional Government on 1 July 2023.
The National Resistance of East Timorese Students was a resistance movement of students from East Timor against the Indonesian occupation between 1975 and 1999. RENETIL was established on June 20,1988,in Denpasar,Bali,Indonesia,by ten East Timorese students. with the leadership of Fernando de Araújo as General Secretary. This organization was later extended to other cities in Indonesia with East Timorese students.
Joaquim JoséGusmão dos Reis Martins is an East Timorese politician. He is the incumbent Secretary of State for Civil Protection,serving since June 2020 under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Taur Matan Ruak. Previously,from 2018 to 2020,he was Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries in the same government.
JoséMaria dos Reis Costa is an East Timorese politician,and a member of the Fretilin political party.
Miguel Pereira de Carvalho is an East Timorese politician and public administrator,and a member of the Fretilin political party.
Adriano do Nascimento is an East Timorese politician,teacher and university lecturer. He is a member of the Democratic Party (PD). Between 2007 and 2017,he was a member of the National Parliament of East Timor,and from October 2017 to June 2018,he was Minister in the Presidency of the Council of Ministers in the VII Constitutional Government of East Timor. In June 2018,he resumed his membership of the National Parliament.
Júlio Sarmento da Costa,also known by his nom de guerreMeta Mali,was an East Timorese politician and a member of the Democratic Party (PD). From May 2020 to July 2023,he was Minister for the Affairs of National Liberation Combatants,serving in the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.
Aurélio Sérgio Cristóvão Guterres is an East Timorese academic and politician,and a member of the Fretilin political party. From September 2017 to June 2018,he was Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation in the VII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Mari Alkatiri.
Jorge da Conceição Teme is an East Timorese politician and diplomat. Initially,he was a member of the Fretilin political party,but he left that party in 2011 to join the Frenti-Mudança party. He has been Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation,East Timorese Ambassador to Australia,Secretary of State for the Region of Oecusse and Minister of State Administration.
JoséAgostinho Sequeira,also known by his nom de guerreSomotxo Matar Mimiraka,is an East Timorese politician and former guerilla,and a member of the Fretilin political party. In 2006–2007,he was Vice Minister of Interior,and in 2017–2018 he was Minister for Defence and Security. Since 2018,he has been a Member of the National Parliament.
António da Conceição,also known by his nom de guerreKalohan (transl. "Cloud"),is an East Timorese politician,and a member of the Democratic Party (PD). He has held several Ministries in the government,and as of 2021 was a Member of the National Parliament.
Parliamentary elections were held in East Timor on 21 May 2023. The governing coalition going into the election was a four-party government of Fretilin,the People's Liberation Party (PLP),Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan (KHUNTO) and the Democratic Party (PD),whilst the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT) was in opposition but held the presidency.
Francisco Kalbuadi "Chico" Lay is an East Timorese politician and a member of the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT).
