Mark Jonathan Dodgson AO (born 1 May 1957) is an Australian academic and author. His research on the innovation process has influenced innovation management and policy worldwide.
Mark Jonathan Dodgson AO (born 1 May 1957) is an Australian academic and author. His research on the innovation process has influenced innovation management and policy worldwide.
Born in Norwich, UK, he grew up in Wales and Uganda, where his father was pilot to Presidents Milton Obote and Idi Amin. [1] He is the brother of author, Philip Pullman. [2] After a number of years working as a lorry driver and drayman in London, Dodgson completed his PhD in two years at Imperial College London and worked at the Science Policy Research Unit at University of Sussex for eight years. During this period he developed expertise in technology and innovation management and policy in Europe. In 1993 he moved with his family to Australia where he became professor and executive director of the national graduate school of management at the Australian National University. For the next ten years he developed expertise in technology and innovation management and policy throughout Asia. In 2003 he moved to become director of the Technology and Innovation Management Centre at the University of Queensland, and he is currently emeritus professor at the University of Queensland, visiting professor at Imperial College London, and executive-in-residence at the Säid Business School, University of Oxford. [3] He continues to advise governments and major corporations around the world on innovation, and has worked in over 60 countries. Dodgson is the author of several key texts in the Management of Technological Innovation. [4] [5] [6] [7] He was awarded the Eureka Prize for Leadership in Business Innovation in 2007. He has been director of the Think, Play, Do Group; non-executive director of Nestle Australia Ltd; and a member of the advisory board of Thiess Pty Ltd. He is a member of the advisory board of Evidn Pty ltd. From 2017-19 he was director of the Oxford Centre for the Study of Philanthropy. In 2019 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO).
Dodgson argues innovation management and policy depends on a comprehensive understanding of the innovation process and the ways it is changing. His early contributions on technology strategy identified the importance of focus and flexibility in technology investments and use. He conducted one of the first comprehensive studies of the emerging phenomenon of biotechnology firms by writing the history of the UK’s pioneering company, Celltech. As a result, he identified the importance of organizational and technological learning, and published a book in 1991 – The Management of Technological Learning [8] – on Celltech, and several highly cited articles in the journals Organization Studies and Human Relations.
His research in the early 1990s led him to write one of the first books on how technology was developed collaboratively, between firms and between firms and research organizations. He identified the consequences of increased collaboration for managers and policy-makers in his 1993 book, Technological Collaboration in Industry. [9] With Roy Rothwell, Dodgson edited one of the first comprehensive collections of writing on innovation in his Handbook of Industrial Innovation in 1994. [10]
Dodgson became increasing convinced about the way technology was itself changing the innovation process. With colleagues David Gann and Ammon Salter at Imperial College London, he identified the emerging role of ‘innovation technology’ – a basket of technologies used to increase the speed and efficiency of innovation. Innovation technologies include eScience; modelling, simulation and visualization tools, artificial intelligence, and rapid and virtual prototyping. The technologies were used in an innovation process typified as one involving ‘thinking’, ‘playing’ and ‘doing’. The book that resulted from this work – Think, Play, Do: Technology, Innovation and Organization [11] – was the first to identify the role of play around emerging technologies to encourage innovation. Play includes experimenting, tinkering, and prototyping with new ideas. Studies of the impact of technology on innovation include virtual reality in IBM, [12] the use of simulation technology in fire engineering, [13] complex systems in cities, [14] and in major infrastructure, including Heathrow Terminal 5 and Crossrail. [15] [16]
His research on the innovation process has informed government policies in Europe, Asia and Latin America. His 1996 book with John Bessant – Effective Innovation Policy [17] – identified the importance of intermediary organizations building bridges between business and the research base in nations. He has written on innovation policy in China and Taiwan, and in East Asia generally. Dodgson has advised the Australian Government on its innovation policy since 1987, and was research director of the 2008 Review of Australia's National Innovation System. With John Foster, Alan Hughes and Stan Metcalfe, he wrote an influential article on Australia's National Innovation System. [18]
Dodgson is author, with David Gann, of Innovation: A Very Short Introduction for Oxford University Press, now in its second edition, and translated into numerous languages. [19] He continues his research on play, writing about playful work. In 2018, with David Gann, he published The Playful Entrepreneur: How to Adapt and Thrive in an Uncertain Times for Yale University Press. [20] He argues that as well as play being an important stimulus to creativity and innovation in organisations, it is a core behaviour of entrepreneurs. He has also published on innovation and philanthropy, [21] the new challenges confronting universities, the consumption of innovation, digital money, innovation in professional services firms, and the life of Josiah Wedgwood (1730-1795). His most recent book on innovation in China, with Marina Zhang and David Gann, analyses the remarkable strengths of China's innovation system, in supply chains, super platform firms, and digital awareness and skills in the population, but also refers to the challenges the country needs to confront if it is to continue its innovation trajectory. [22] In 2023 he completed a year-long study of the development of the Oxford University/AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine. [23]
Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed entity, realizing or redistributing value". Others have different definitions; a common element in the definitions is a focus on newness, improvement, and spread of ideas or technologies.
Technocapitalism or tech-capitalism refers to changes in capitalism associated with the emergence of new technology sectors, the power of corporations, and new forms of organization. Technocapitalism is characterised by constant innovation, global competition, the digitisation of information and communication, and the growing importance of digital networks and platforms.
User innovation refers to innovation by intermediate users or consumer users, rather than by suppliers. This is a concept closely aligned to co-design and co-creation, and has been proven to result in more innovative solutions than traditional consultation methodologies.
General-purpose technologies (GPTs) are technologies that can affect an entire economy. GPTs have the potential to drastically alter societies through their impact on pre-existing economic and social structures. The archetypal examples of GPTs are the steam engine, electricity, and information technology. Other examples include the railroad, interchangeable parts, electronics, material handling, mechanization, control theory (automation), the automobile, the computer, the Internet, medicine, and artificial intelligence, in particular generative pre-trained transformers.
Open innovation is a term used to promote an information age mindset toward innovation that runs counter to the secrecy and silo mentality of traditional corporate research labs. The benefits and driving forces behind increased openness have been noted and discussed as far back as the 1960s, especially as it pertains to interfirm cooperation in R&D. Use of the term 'open innovation' in reference to the increasing embrace of external cooperation in a complex world has been promoted in particular by Henry Chesbrough, adjunct professor and faculty director of the Center for Open Innovation of the Haas School of Business at the University of California, and Maire Tecnimont Chair of Open Innovation at Luiss.
Celltech Group plc was a leading British-based biotechnology business based in Slough. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Celltech was instrumental in changing the UK's system of technology transfer from research to business, and in creating the biotechnology industry.
David John Teece is a New Zealand-born US-based organizational economist and the Professor in Global Business and director of the Tusher Center for the Management of Intellectual Capital at the Walter A. Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley.
Zoltan J. Acs is an American economist. He is Professor of Management at The London School of Economics (LSE), and a professor at George Mason University, where he teaches in the Schar School of Policy and Government and is the Director of the Center for Entrepreneurship and Public Policy. He is also a visiting professor at Imperial College Business School in London and affiliated with the University of Pecs in Hungary. He is co-editor and founder of Small Business Economics.
There are several approaches to defining the substance and scope of technology policy.
Innovation economics is new, and growing field of economic theory and applied/experimental economics that emphasizes innovation and entrepreneurship. It comprises both the application of any type of innovations, especially technological, but not only, into economic use. In classical economics this is the application of customer new technology into economic use; but also it could refer to the field of innovation and experimental economics that refers the new economic science developments that may be considered innovative. In his 1942 book Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, economist Joseph Schumpeter introduced the notion of an innovation economy. He argued that evolving institutions, entrepreneurs and technological changes were at the heart of economic growth. However, it is only in recent years that "innovation economy," grounded in Schumpeter's ideas, has become a mainstream concept".
Dominant design is a technology management concept introduced by James M. Utterback and William J. Abernathy in 1975, identifying key technological features that become a de facto standard. A dominant design is the one that wins the allegiance of the marketplace, the one to which competitors and innovators must adhere if they hope to command significant market following.
Daniele Archibugi is an Italian economic and political theorist. He works on the economics and policy of innovation and technological change, on the political theory of international relations and on political and technological globalisation.
Innovation management is a combination of the management of innovation processes, and change management. It refers to product, business process, marketing and organizational innovation. Innovation management is the subject of ISO 56000 series standards being developed by ISO TC 279.
David Michael Gann CBE is a British academic administrator and civil engineer. He is Vice-President (Innovation) at Imperial College London and a member of the College's Executive Board. His academic research spans strategy, management science and systems engineering. He is Vice-Chair at Villars Institute.
Paul M. Leonardi was the Duca Family Professor of Technology Management at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He was also the Investment Group of Santa Barbara Founding Director of the Master of Technology Management Program. Leonardi moved to UCSB to found the Technology Management Program and start its Master of Technology Management and Ph.D. programs. Before joining UCSB, Leonardi was a faculty member in the School of Communication, the McCormick School of Engineering, and the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
Corporate foresight has been conceptualised by strategic foresight practitioners and academics working and/or studying corporations as a set of practices, a set of capabilities and an ability of a firm. It enables firms to detect discontinuous change early, interpret its consequences for the firm, and inform future courses of action to ensure the long-term survival and success of the company.
Alfred Allen Marcus is an American author and the Edson Spencer Professor of Strategy and Technology Leadership at the Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota and the Technological Leadership Institute. He has worked as a consultant with companies such as 3M, Corning Inc., Xcel Energy, Medtronic, General Mills, and IBM and has also taught as a visiting professor at Technion, INCAE, BI Norwegian Business School, Fordham University, and MIT.
Toke Reichstein is a Danish economist and Professor at Copenhagen Business School. He is best known for his work on "Investigating the sources of process innovation among UK manufacturing firms."
Linus Dahlander is an innovation researcher specializing in crowdsourcing, open innovation, and online communities. He is a professor at the European School of Management and Technology and holds the Lufthansa Group Chair in Innovation. He also served as Associate Editor of the Academy of Management Journal.
Research Policy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the Science Policy Research Unit. It was established by British economist Christopher Freeman in 1971 and is regarded as the leading journal in the field of innovation studies. It is listed as one of the 50 journals used by the Financial Times to compile its business-school research ranks.
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