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The First Amendment to the United States Constitution prevents the government from making laws that regulate an establishment of religion, or that prohibit the free exercise of religion, or abridge the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights.
Clear and present danger was a doctrine adopted by the Supreme Court of the United States to determine under what circumstances limits can be placed on First Amendment freedoms of speech, press, or assembly. The test was replaced in 1969 with Brandenburg v. Ohio's "imminent lawless action" test.
Helen Elizabeth Garrett, commonly known as Elizabeth Garrett or Beth Garrett, was an American professor of law and academic administrator. On July 1, 2015, she became the 13th president of Cornell University—the first woman to serve as president of the university. She died from colon cancer on March 6, 2016, the first Cornell president to die while in office.
First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 435 U.S. 765 (1978), is a U.S. constitutional law case which defined the free speech right of corporations for the first time. The United States Supreme Court held that corporations have a First Amendment right to make contributions to ballot initiative campaigns. The ruling came in response to a Massachusetts law that prohibited corporate donations in ballot initiatives unless the corporation's interests were directly involved.
Michael William McConnell is an American jurist who served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit from 2002 to 2009. Since 2009, McConnell has been a professor and Director of the Stanford Constitutional Law Center at Stanford Law School. He is also a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, and Senior Of Counsel to the Litigation Practice Group at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati. In May 2020, Facebook appointed him to its content oversight board. In 2020, McConnell published The President Who Would Not Be King: Executive Power under the Constitution under Princeton University Press.
Ann Althouse is an American law professor and blogger.
Jack M. Balkin is an American legal scholar. He is the Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment at Yale Law School. Balkin is the founder and director of the Yale Information Society Project (ISP), a research center whose mission is "to study the implications of the Internet, telecommunications, and the new information technologies for law and society." He also directs the Knight Law and Media Program and the Abrams Institute for Free Expression at Yale Law School.
Mari J. Matsuda is an American lawyer, activist, and law professor at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. She was the first tenured female Asian American law professor in the United States, at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Law in 1998 and one of the leading voices in critical race theory since its inception. Matsuda returned to Richardson in the fall of 2008. Prior to her return, Matsuda was a professor at the UCLA School of Law and Georgetown University Law Center, specializing in the fields of torts, constitutional law, legal history, feminist theory, critical race theory, and civil rights law.
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Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010), is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States regarding campaign finance laws and free speech under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The court held 5–4 that the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent expenditures for political campaigns by corporations, including nonprofit corporations, labor unions, and other associations.
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Frederick Schauer is an American legal scholar who serves as David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He is also the Frank Stanton Professor emeritus of the First Amendment at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. He is well known for his work on American constitutional law, especially free speech, and on legal reasoning, especially the nature and value of legal formalism.
Richard Davies Parker is an American legal scholar who serves as the Paul W. Williams Professor of Criminal Justice at Harvard Law School, where he has taught constitutional law and criminal law since 1974. He also serves as chairman of the Citizens Flag Alliance, an American nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing a constitutional amendment that would protect the American flag against acts of physical desecration.
References
- 1 2 "Martin H. Redish CV" (PDF). April 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- 1 2 "Martin H. Redish". Northwestern Law. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- 1 2 Pfander, James (2013). "Preface". Nw. U. L. Rev. 107 (2): 443.
- ↑ Collins, Ronald. "FAC.3 (First Amendment Conversations) – Martin Redish on Free Speech, the Roberts Court, & the Liberal Academy". Concurring Opinions. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ↑ "ScholarRank's Top 250 Authors". HeinOnline. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ↑ Gershman, Jacob (25 August 2016). "Ranking Law Professors by Judicial Impact". Wall Street Journal Law Blog. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ↑ Strauber, Ira (2013). "Review: THE ADVERSARY FIRST AMENDMENT, FREE EXPRESSION AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY". Law & Politics Book Rev. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- 1 2 Kaminski, Margot E. (12 August 2015). "The First Amendment's Public Relations Problem". U. Ill. L. Rev. Slip Opinions. 2015: 103. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- 1 2 Redish, Martin H. (1982). "The Value of Free Speech". U. Pa. L. Rev. 130 (3): 591–645. doi:10.2307/3311836. JSTOR 3311836 . Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ↑ Alexander, Larry (2013). "Redish on Freedom of Speech". Nw. U. L. Rev. 107 (2): 593–94. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ↑ "Publications Received". Military Law Review. 93: 137. 1981. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
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