The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house,the House of Commons,it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London,England. One of the oldest institutions in the world,its origins lie in the early 11th century and the emergence of bicameralism in the 13th century.
The Peerage Act 1963 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that permits women peeresses and all Scottish hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords and allows newly inherited hereditary peerages to be disclaimed.
The House of Lords Act 1999 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the House of Lords,one of the chambers of Parliament. The Act was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries,the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats;the Act removed such a right. However,as part of a compromise,the Act did permit ninety-two hereditary peers to remain in the House. Another ten were created life peers to enable them to remain in the House.
In the United Kingdom,life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited,in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister. With the exception of the Dukedom of Edinburgh awarded for life to Prince Edward in 2023,all life peerages conferred since 2009 have been created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 with the rank of baron and entitle their holders to sit and vote in the House of Lords,presuming they meet qualifications such as age and citizenship. The legitimate children of a life peer appointed under the Life Peerages Act 1958 are entitled to style themselves with the prefix "The Honourable",although they cannot inherit the peerage itself. Prior to 2009,life peers of baronial rank could also be so created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 for senior judges.
The Lords Temporal are secular members of the House of Lords,the upper house of the British Parliament. These can be either life peers or hereditary peers,although the hereditary right to sit in the House of Lords was abolished for all but ninety-two peers during the 1999 reform of the House of Lords. The term is used to differentiate these members from the Lords Spiritual,who sit in the House as a consequence of being bishops in the Church of England.
The reform of the House of Lords,the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom,has been a topic of discussion in UK politics for more than a century. Multiple governments have attempted reform,beginning with the introduction of the Parliament Act 1911 by the incumbent Liberal Government,which stated:
...whereas it is intended to substitute for the House of Lords as it at present exists a Second Chamber constituted on a popular instead of hereditary basis,but such substitution cannot be immediately brought into operation
Geoffrey Robert James Borwick,5th Baron Borwick,is a British businessman,hereditary peer and member of the House of Lords.
By-elections to the House of Lords occur when vacancies arise among seats assigned to hereditary peers due to death,resignation,or disqualification. Candidates for these by-elections are limited to holders of hereditary peerages,and their electorates are made up of sitting Lords;in most cases the electorate are those sitting hereditary peers of the same party affiliation as the departed peer.
Godfrey John Bewicke-Copley,7th Baron Cromwell,is a British hereditary peer and member of the House of Lords,sitting as a crossbencher.
The first women in the House of Lords took their seats in 1958,forty years after women were granted the right to stand as MPs in the House of Commons. These were life peeresses appointed by the Prime Minister,although countesses had appeared in mediaeval times.
Rupert Francis John Carington,7th Baron Carrington,,is a British banker,hereditary peer and crossbench member of the House of Lords.
Daniel Nicholas Mosley,4th Baron Ravensdale,8th Baronet,,is a British hereditary peer and crossbench member of the House of Lords. He is an engineer,currently working as a project director for Atkins. His paternal great-grandfather was Oswald Mosley,leader and founder of the British Union of Fascists.
Jasset David Cody Ormsby-Gore,7th Baron Harlech,is a British hereditary peer and Conservative member of the House of Lords. He has been serving as a Lord in Waiting since September 2022.
Edward Sebastian Grigg,4th Baron Altrincham is a British hereditary peer and Conservative member of the House of Lords.
Guy Rhys John Mansfield,6th Baron Sandhurst,,is a British barrister,hereditary peer and Conservative member of the House of Lords.
Richard John Denison,9th Baron Londesborough,is a British hereditary peer and crossbench member of the House of Lords.
John Humphrey Arnott Pakington,7th Baron Hampton,is a British hereditary peer and a crossbench member of the House of Lords.
Edward Mowbray Nicholas Howard,8th Earl of Effingham is a hereditary peer in the peerage of the United Kingdom and an elected Conservative member of the House of Lords.
