Mediterranean horseshoe bat

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Mediterranean horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus euryale-cropped.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Rhinolophidae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Species:
R. euryale
Binomial name
Rhinolophus euryale
Blasius, 1853
Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat area.png
Mediterranean horseshoe bat range

The Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in the Mediterranean region and Balkan peninsula, as well as parts of Italy.

Contents

Physical characteristics

The head and body are normally between 43 and 58 millimetres (1.7 and 2.3 in), with a 22–30 millimetres (0.87–1.18 in) tail. The wingspan of R. euryale is between 30 and 32 centimetres (12 and 13 in), with a standard weight between 8 and 17.5 grams (0.28 and 0.62 oz). The upper connecting process is pointed and slightly bent downwards, and is distinctly longer than the lower connecting process, which is broadly rounded when seen from below.

The fur is fluffy, with a light grey base. The dorsal side is grey-brown, with sometimes a slight reddish tinge, while the ventral side is grey-white or yellow-white. [2]

Biology and behaviour

There is little known information about the Mediterranean horseshoe bat's reproductive cycle. Nurseries normally hold between 50 and 400 females, with males sometimes present. The colonies in the summer and winter are very large and they are surrounded by small satellite colonies. The main colonies are in caves and can include over 5,000 animals, the satellite colonies include dozens to hundreds of animals. In the summer, colonies are mixed with other species. In Bulgaria the Mediterranean Horseshoe bat is living with the Blasius's horseshoe bat and the Mehely's horseshoe bat. The species is very sensitive to disturbance. The birth occurs from mid-June or July. At the age of four weeks, the young become independent. Females give their first birth at the age of 2–3 years. Mating takes place in the Autumn in caves, but may continue in the winter roosts. [3]

Conservation

As of 2016, the Mediterranean Horseshoe bat is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List with reports of general population decline in the last 27 years. [4] The general population decline is attributed to the increase in agriculture and urbanization causing the loss of vegetation R. euryale uses to forage for insects. [4] R. euryale mainly roost in caves and underground shelters, making them prone to disturbances from caving or cave tourism. Protecting their roosting sites is considered an important long term conservation strategy. [5]

Related Research Articles

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The lesser horseshoe bat is a type of small European and North African insectivorous bat, related to its larger cousin, the greater horseshoe bat. As with all horseshoe bats, the species gets its name from its distinctive horseshoe-shaped noseleaf.

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The acuminate horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Southeast Asia. It lives in forests and urban areas.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geoffroy's horseshoe bat</span> Species of bat

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andaman horseshoe bat</span> Species of bat

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dent's horseshoe bat</span> Species of bat

Dent's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The bat's natural habitats are dry savannah country and it roosts in caves and other subterranean habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rüppell's horseshoe bat</span> Species of bat

Rüppell's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, savanna, caves and other subterranean habitats. This species is quite common in parts of its range, and no specific threats have been recognised, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

<i>Rhinolophus hilli</i> Species of bat

Rhinolophus hilli, Hill's horseshoe bat, is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is endemic to Rwanda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, caves, and subterranean habitats. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maclaud's horseshoe bat</span> Species of bat

Maclaud's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is endemic to Guinea. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, caves and other subterranean habitats. It is one of five African microbat species to be listed as endangered by the IUCN. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smaller horseshoe bat</span> Species of bat

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mehely's horseshoe bat</span> Species of bat

Mehely's horseshoe bat is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Southern Europe and parts of the Middle East. It is distributed in a narrow band around the Mediterranean Sea from North-Western Africa across Portugal, Spain, the Balearics, southern France, Sardinia, Sicily and the Balkan Peninsula to Asia Minor.

References

  1. ↑ Juste, J.; Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19516A21971185. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19516A21971185.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Schober, Wilfried; Eckard Grimmberger (1989). Dr. Robert E. Stebbings (ed.). A Guide to Bats of Britain and Europe (1st ed.). UK: Hamlyn Publishing Group. ISBN   0-600-56424-X.
  3. ↑ "Rhinolophus euryale", Science for Nature Foundation
  4. 1 2 IUCN (2016-04-25). "Rhinolophus euryale: Juste, J. & Alcaldé, J.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T19516A21971185". doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t19516a21971185.en .{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ↑ Russo, Danilo; Jones, Gareth; Migliozzi, Antonello (September 2002). "Habitat selection by the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in a rural area of southern Italy and implications for conservation". Biological Conservation. 107 (1): 71–81. Bibcode:2002BCons.107...71R. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00047-2.
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