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Catalan, known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian, is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin. It is the only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the aforementioned Valencian Community and the Balearic Islands. It also has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero. It is also spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the aforementioned Carche in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan/Valencian-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or "Catalan Countries".
Catalonia is an autonomous community on the northeastern corner of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.
The Generalitat de Catalunya, or Government of Catalonia, is the institutional system by which Catalonia politically organizes its self-government. It is formed by the Parliament of Catalonia, the Presidency of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and the Executive Council of Catalonia
Catalan Countries refers to those territories where the Catalan language, or a variant of it, is spoken. They include the Spanish regions of Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and parts of Aragon and Murcia, as well as the department of Pyrénées-Orientales in France, the Principality of Andorra, and the city of Alghero in Sardinia (Italy). In the context of Catalan nationalism, the term is sometimes used in a more restricted way to refer to just Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The Catalan Countries do not correspond to any present or past political or administrative unit, though most of the area belonged to the Crown of Aragon in the Middle Ages. Parts of Valencia (Spanish) and Catalonia (Occitan) are not Catalan-speaking.
Josep Tarradellas i Joan, 1st Marquess of Tarradellas was a Spanish politician.
Artur Mas i Gavarró is a Catalan politician, Catalan nationalist. He was president of the Government of Catalonia from 2010 to 2015 and acting president from September 2015 to 12 January 2016.
La Franja is the area of Catalan-speaking territories of eastern Aragon bordering Catalonia, in Spain. It literally means "the strip" and can also more properly be called Franja d'Aragó, Franja de Ponent or Franja Oriental d'Aragó in Catalan.
Judaeo-Catalan, also called Catalanic or Qatalanit, was a presumed Jewish language spoken by the Jews in Northern Catalonia and what is today Northeastern Spain, especially in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands.
Syndic is a term applied in certain countries to an officer of government with varying powers, and secondly to a representative or delegate of a university, institution or other corporation, entrusted with special functions or powers.
The National Day of Catalonia is a day-long festival in Catalonia and one of its official national symbols, celebrated annually on 11 September. It commemorates the fall of Barcelona during the War of the Spanish Succession in 1714 and the subsequent loss of Catalan institutions and laws.
The President of the Government of Catalonia is one of the bodies that the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia stipulates as part of the Generalitat de Catalunya, others being the Parliament, the government, the Consell de Garanties Estatutàries and the Síndic de Greuges. The president also serves as head of government of Catalonia, leading the executive branch of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government.
The Catalan language originated from Vulgar Latin in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain. It diverged from the other Romance languages in the 9th century. At that time, Catalan spread quickly throughout the Iberian peninsula when the Catalan counts conquered Muslim territory. By the 11th century, the Catalan language was present in several feudal documents. Catalan was present throughout the Mediterranean by the 15th century. At that time, the city of Valencia was thriving.
Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol is a Spanish political activist from Catalonia, who was president of the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) between May 2015 and November 2017.
The Democratic Pact for Catalonia was a Catalan electoral alliance established in May 1977 ahead of the Spanish Congress of Deputies 15 June election. It ran on a political platform emphasizing the need of approving a statute of autonomy for Catalonia. The coalition comprised members from two separate, previously established alliances: Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and Democratic Left of Catalonia (EDC) from the Democratic Front for Catalonia, and the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping (PSC–R) and the National Front of Catalonia (FNC) from the Left Front.
Union of the Centre and Christian Democracy of Catalonia was an electoral coalition formed in Catalonia in December 1976 to contest the Spanish Congress of Deputies election of 1977, the first democratic election to be held in Spain since the Second Spanish Republic. It was formed by the Catalan Centre (CC) and the historic Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC), and came to be supported by the Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State, which did not run on its own in Catalonia. The coalition was officially registered on 3 May 1977. The alliance dissolved shortly after the election upon the start of the newly elected parliament, with UDC deputy Antón Cañellas joining the Catalan–Basque Group and Carlos Güell going into the Mixed Group.
The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia was an ecologist, Catalan nationalist political party in Spain, based in Catalonia. It was founded in March 1994 from the merger of The Greens, Nationalist Left Movement, Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia and Ecologist Alternative of Catalonia.
The Greens–Green Option, founded in May 1998, is a green political party in Catalonia. The party originated from a split in The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia by members supportive of establishing close ties with Initiative for Catalonia (IC) after the latter broke away from United Left (IU). The party was originally led by Joan Oms and Josep Puig, who at the time of its founding were city councillors in the municipalities of Barcelona and L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, respectively.
Centrists of Catalonia was a Catalan-based electoral alliance formed in June 1978 ahead of the upcoming local and general elections, comprising the Catalan section of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), the Union of the Centre of Catalonia (UCC) and the Democratic Union–Broad Centre (UDCA). The alliance was maintained after the election, with UCD and UDCA agreeing to transform it into a full-fledged political party in December 1979 with the disagreement of the UCC, which chose not to join the new party. At its foundation congress held on 22 December 1979, Antón Cañellas was elected as new party president.
Agreement of the Catalans was a Catalan electoral alliance formed by the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress (PSC–C), the Catalan Socialist Federation (FSC), the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) and the Left of Catalonia platform—supported by the still-illegal Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Party of Labour of Catalonia (PTC) and Catalan State (EC)—to contest the 1977 Spanish Senate election. Securing 12 out of the 16 Catalan senators at stake, the alliance's performance has been considered a historical success.
When, in 1939, World War II erupted in Europe, Catalonia was part of the Spanish State led by the caudillo Francisco Franco, who declared Spain neutral in the conflict. The country was devastated by the recently finished Spanish Civil War, which resulted in the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic and the creation of the Spanish State, and Catalonia, who was an autonomous region under the Republican government (1931-1939) lost the whole of its self-government when the Nationalist army occupied the area.
References
- ↑ Zantedeschi, Francesca (2019). The Antiquarians of the Nation: Monuments and Language in Nineteenth-Century Roussillon. BRILL. pp. 221–222. ISBN 9789004390270.
- "Memorial de Greuges | enciclopèdia.cat". www.enciclopedia.cat (in Catalan).