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Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. Freemasonry has been the subject of numerous conspiracy theories throughout the years. Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of two main recognition groups:
A Masonic lodge, often termed a private lodge or constituent lodge, is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry. It is also commonly used as a term for a building in which such a unit meets. Every new lodge must be warranted or chartered by a Grand Lodge, but is subject to its direction only in enforcing the published constitution of the jurisdiction. By exception the three surviving lodges that formed the world's first known grand lodge in London have the unique privilege to operate as time immemorial, i.e., without such warrant; only one other lodge operates without a warrant – the Grand Stewards' Lodge in London, although it is not also entitled to the "time immemorial" title. A Freemason is generally entitled to visit any lodge in any jurisdiction in amity with his own. In some jurisdictions this privilege is restricted to Master Masons. He is first usually required to check, and certify, the regularity of the relationship of the Lodge – and be able to satisfy that Lodge of his regularity of membership. Freemasons gather together as a Lodge to work the three basic Degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason.
The history of Freemasonry encompasses the origins, evolution and defining events of the fraternal organisation known as Freemasonry. It covers three phases. Firstly, the emergence of organised lodges of operative masons during the Middle Ages, then the admission of lay members as "accepted" or "speculative" masons, and finally the evolution of purely speculative lodges, and the emergence of Grand Lodges to govern them. The watershed in this process is generally taken to be the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London in 1717. The two difficulties facing historians are the paucity of written material, even down to the 19th century, and the misinformation generated by masons and non-masons alike from the earliest years.
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References
- ↑ Maffioli, John (12 August 2016). "Sir Michael Snyder: how to turn committee chairing into an art form - BDLN". BDLN. BDLN. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ↑ Wallace, Tim (2015). "City grandee Sir Michael Snyder joins Metro Bank's board" (17 October 2015). The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ↑ City of London register.
- ↑ "Sir Michael Snyder - Kingston Smith". Kingston Smith. Kingston Smith. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ↑ "London Freemasons donate £100,000 to support Grenfell Tower residents". www.freemasonrytoday. Grand Lodge Publications. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ↑ "Interview with Sir Michael Snyder the new Metropolitan Grand Master". www.freemasonrytoday. Grand Lodge Publications. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ↑ "Snyder, Sir Michael (John)". Who's Who 2018 . Oxford University Press. 1 December 2017. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.2000165.Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Mammon: Michael Snyder, Corporation of London boss". The Observer. 7 August 2005. Retrieved 6 November 2017.