Mickelopteris

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Mickelopteris
Hemionites arifolia-fren-yercaud-salem-India.JPG
Growing in Yercaud, India
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Cheilanthoideae
Genus: Mickelopteris
Fraser-Jenk. [1]
Species:
M. cordata
Binomial name
Mickelopteris cordata
(Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk. [2]
Synonyms [1]
  • Acrostichum ramentaceumRoxb.
  • Gymnogramma sagittata(Fée) Ettingsh.
  • Hemionitis cordataRoxb. ex Hook. & Grev.
  • Hemionitis cordifoliaRoxb. ex Wall.
  • Hemionitis cumingianaFée
  • Hemionitis hastataR.Br. ex Wall.
  • Hemionitis intermediaFée
  • Hemionitis sagittataFée
  • Hemionitis toxotisTrevis.
  • Hemionitis trinervisBuch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn
  • Parahemionitis cordata(Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk.

Mickelopteris is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species Mickelopteris cordata. Synonyms include Parahemionitis cordata and Hemionitis cordataRoxb. ex Hook. & Grev. The species is native to south-eastern Asia, from India to Taiwan and the Philippines. [1] [3]

Contents

The genus name "Parahemionitis" was initially published for M. cordata, but is not accepted by all sources.

Description

Mickelopteris cordata grows from short erect rhizomes covered with brownish narrow scales. The fronds are of two types. Fertile (spore-bearing) fronds have stipes (stalks) that are usually much longer than those of sterile fronds. The blade (lamina) of the frond is usually 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 in) long by about 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) wide, with a heart-shaped base and a somewhat rounded apex. It is held at an angle to the stipe. Fronds are brownish green on the upper side, brown on the lower side. [4]

Frond shape Hemionitis arifolia kz1.jpg
Frond shape

Taxonomy

The nomenclature and taxonomy of the species is somewhat tangled. A species of fern native to the Indian subcontinent and other parts of tropical Asia was described in 1828 as Hemionitis cordata. [5] This name was later considered to be a (heterotypic) synonym of Hemionitis arifolia. As this was an older name, being based on Asplenium arifolium published in 1768, the species was known as Hemionitis arifolia. In 1974, John T. Mickel considered that the species he called Hemionitis arifolia might be sufficiently different from the other (American) species placed in Hemionitis to require a new genus. The differences included frond morphology and which flavonoids were present. [6] Molecular phylogenetic studies have since confirmed the distinctiveness of the species. [7]

Accordingly, in 1993, Gopinath Panigrahi created a new genus for the species, Parahemionitis. He typified the genus using Asplenium arifoliumBurm.f., and called the sole species Parahemionitis arifolia. [8] However, it has since become clear that the original type of Asplenium arifolium is actually a specimen of a completely different species, Acrostichum aureum , which would mean that Asplenium arifolium is not a synonym of Hemionitis cordata. [7] [9] Three alternative approaches have been taken to fix this problem. In 2015, Mazumdar designated a lectotype and an epitype for Asplenium arifolium, and regarded Panagrahi's use of the name Parahemionitis arifolia as acceptable. [9] In 1997, Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins regarded Panagrahi's genus name as acceptable, but not the epithet, and called the species Parahemionitis cordata. In 2016, Fraser-Jenkins rejected the genus name, and published a new one, Mickelopteris, with the sole species being called Mickelopteris cordata. [7] As of January 2020, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World followed Fraser-Jenkins (2016), treating the species as Mickelopteris cordata, and Hemionitis arifolia and Parahemionitis arifolia as a synonyms of Acrostichum aureum. [10]

As of January 2020, while agreeing that Hemionitis arifolia is a synonym of Acrostichum aureum, [11] Plants of the World Online adopted a much broader circumscription of Hemionitis, and so retained the species as Hemionitis cordata. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Mickelopteris cordata is native to the Indian subcontinent (Assam, Bangladesh, the region of India, Sri Lanka), Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam), south-central China and Hainan, the Philippines and the Lesser Sunda Islands. [3] It is found in damp locations, such as the wet soil and rocks of river valleys in dense forests and shrublands, growing below elevations of 1000 m. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Phegopteris</i> Genus of ferns

Phegopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Phegopteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. They are known collectively as the beech ferns. Species are native to Asia, North America and Europe.

<i>Asplenium</i> genus of ferns in the family Aspleniaceae

Asplenium is a genus of about 700 species of ferns, often treated as the only genus in the family Aspleniaceae, though other authors consider Hymenasplenium separate, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, a different chromosome count, and structural differences in the rhizomes. The type species for the genus is Asplenium marinum.

<i>Cyrtomium</i> Genus of ferns

Cyrtomium is a genus of about 35 species of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. Species are native to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Ocean islands (Hawaii). It is very closely related to the genus Polystichum, with 2016 research suggesting it should be included in a clade sister to Polystichum s.s.

Pteridaceae Family of ferns

Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera, divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.

<i>Pleopeltis</i> Genus of ferns

Pleopeltis is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus widely distributed in tropical regions of the world, and also north into temperate regions in eastern North America and eastern Asia. Several species are known by the common name scaly polypody and resurrection fern.

<i>Phlebodium</i> Genus of ferns

Phlebodium is a small genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Its species were formerly included in Polypodium.

<i>Aleuritopteris</i> Genus of ferns

Aleuritopteris is a genus of ferns in the Cheilanthoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. As with some other genera of the Cheilanthoideae, molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that it is not monophyletic, and so may need to be circumscribed differently in future.

<i>Trichomanes</i> Genus of ferns

Trichomanes is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent.

<i>Acrostichum</i> Genus of ferns

Acrostichum is a fern genus in the Parkerioideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It was one of the original pteridophyte genera delineated by Linnaeus. It was originally drawn very broadly, including all ferns that had sori apparently "acrostichoid", or distributed in a uniform mass across the back of the frond, rather than organized in discrete sori. This led Linnaeus to include such species as Asplenium platyneuron in the genus, because the specimen he received had sori so crowded that it appeared acrostichoid.

Mickelia is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. It is one of the six genera of bolbitidoid ferns and is sister to the very large genus Elaphoglossum. It consists of about 10 species. All are native to the neotropics.

Cheilanthoideae Subfamily of ferns

Cheilanthoideae is one of the five subfamilies of the fern family Pteridaceae. The subfamily is thought to be monophyletic, but some of the genera into which it has been divided are not, and the taxonomic status of many of its genera and species remains uncertain, with radically different approaches in use as of December 2019.

Gopinath Panigrahi is a botanist and plant taxonomist. He was born in the village Baikunthapur, Basudebpur block, Bhadrak district, Orissa, India and obtained a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Leeds where he studied Cytogenetics.

<i>Polypodium</i> Genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae

Polypodium is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is widely distributed throughout the world, with the highest species diversity in the tropics. The name is derived from Ancient Greek poly (πολύ) "many" + podion (πόδιον) "little foot", on account of the foot-like appearance of the rhizome and its branches. They are commonly called polypodies or rockcap ferns, but for many species unique vernacular names exist.

Japanobotrychum is a genus of ferns in the family Ophioglossaceae with the sole species Japanobotrychum lanuginosum. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, but not by some other sources.

<i>Taenitis</i> Genus of ferns

Taenitis is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. Species are native to south-east tropical Asia, Australia and the Pacific.

Oeosporangium pteridioides is a species of fern in the family Pteridaceae. Its native distribution is Macaronesia, around the Mediterranean in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, and into the Sahara.

<i>Hemionitis</i> Genus of ferns

Hemionitis is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae. Its circumscription varies greatly in different systems of fern classification. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, it was one of more than 20 genera in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae, and was said to have five species. Other sources treat it as the only genus in the subfamily, and so accept about 450 species. With the restricted circumscription, species are native to tropical America.

Baja is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species Baja brandegeei, synonym Cheilanthes brandegeei. The species is native to Baja California including the offshore Cedros Island, Mexico.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (January 2020), "Mickelopteris", Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World, 8.20, retrieved 2020-01-06
  2. ↑ "Mickelopteris cordata (Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fraser-Jenk.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2020-01-07
  3. 1 2 3 "Hemionitis cordata Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2020-01-07
  4. 1 2 Zhang, Gangmin & Ranker, Tom A., "Parahemionitis cordata", in Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H. & Hong, Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China (online), eFloras.org, retrieved 2020-01-09
  5. ↑ "Hemionitis cordata Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev.", The International Plant Names Index , retrieved 2020-01-09
  6. ↑ Mickel, John T. (1974), "A Redefinition of the Genus Hemionitis", American Fern Journal, 64 (1): 3–12, doi:10.2307/1546715, JSTOR   1546715
  7. 1 2 3 Fraser-Jenkins, C.R.; Gandhi, K.N.; Kholia, B.S. & Benniamin, A. (2016), An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part 1, Dehra Dun, India: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, pp. 246–248, ISBN   978-81-211-0952-9
  8. ↑ "Parahemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.) Panigrahi", The International Plant Names Index , retrieved 2020-01-09
  9. 1 2 Mazumdar, Jaideep; Callmander, Martin & Fumeaux, Nicolas (2019), "Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N.L. Burman's Flora Indica", Candollea, 74 (1): 93–109, doi:10.15553/c2019v741a10, S2CID   190861944 , retrieved 2020-01-09
  10. ↑ Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (January 2020), "Mickelopteris cordata", Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World, 8.20, retrieved 2020-01-06
  11. ↑ "Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.) T.Moore", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2020-01-07
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