Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China | |
---|---|
中華民國外交部部長 | |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China | |
Member of | Executive Yuan |
Seat | Taipei |
Nominator | Premier |
Appointer | President |
Inaugural holder | Wang Chonghui |
Formation | 1 January 1912 |
Website | www |
This is a list of foreign ministers of the Republic of China (based in Taiwan since 1949), heading its Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Name | Took office | Left office | Portrait |
---|---|---|---|
Lu Zhengxiang | March 1912 | September 1912 | |
Lu Zhengxiang | November 1912 | September 1913 | |
Lu Zhengxiang | 27 January 1915 | 17 May 1916 | |
Wu Tingfang | 7 November 1917 | 30 November 1917 | |
Lu Zhengxiang | 30 November 1917 | 13 August 1920 | |
Chen Lu (acting) | November 1918 | December 1919 | |
Wu Tingfang | 1921 | 1922 | |
C. C. Wu (Wu Chaoshu) [1] | 1923 1927 | 1924 1928 | |
Huang Fu | 1924 | ||
Wang Zhengting [2] | June 14, 1928 | ||
Alfred Sze (Shi Zhaoji) | 1931 | ||
Eugene Chen (Chen Youren) [3] | June 1, 1931 | ||
Luo Wengan | 1932 | ||
Wang Jingwei | August 18, 1933 | ||
Chang Chun (Zhang Qun) | December 16, 1933 | ||
Wang Ch'ung-hui (Wang Chonghui) | March 6, 1937 | ||
Quo Tai-chi (Guo Taiqi) | June 30, 1941 | ||
T. V. Soong (Song Ziwen) [4] | October 30, 1942 | ||
Political Party: Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Non-partisan/ unknown
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949. It was the sole ruling party in China during the Republican Era from 1928 to 1949, when most of the Chinese mainland was under its control. The party retreated from the mainland to Taiwan on 7 December 1949, following its defeat in the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-shek declared martial law and retained his authoritarian rule over Taiwan under the Dang Guo system until democratic reforms were enacted in the 1980s and full democratization in the 1990s. In Taiwanese politics today, the KMT is a centre-right to right-wing party and is the largest party in the Pan-Blue Coalition. The KMT's primary rival in elections is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and its allies in the Pan-Green Coalition. As of 2023, the KMT is the largest opposition party in the Legislative Yuan. The current chairman is Eric Chu.
The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is governed in a framework of a representative democratic republic under a five-power system first envisioned by Sun Yat-sen in 1906, whereby under the constitutional amendments, the President is head of state and the Premier is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested primarily in the parliament and limited by government. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. In addition, the civil service's powers is being in charge of validating the qualification of civil servants and the supervision auditory power inspects, reviews, and audits the policies and operations of the government. The party system is dominated by two parties, the Kuomintang, which broadly favors closer links to mainland China, and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which broadly favors the status quo and independent governance.
The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement which advocates the formal declaration of an independent and sovereign Taiwanese state, as opposed to Chinese unification or the status quo in Cross-Strait relations.
Chinese unification, also known as Cross-Strait unification or Chinese reunification, is the potential unification of territories currently controlled, or claimed, by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China ("Taiwan") under one political entity, possibly the formation of a political union between the two republics. Together with full Taiwan independence, unification is one of the main proposals to address questions on the political status of Taiwan, which is a central focus of Cross-Strait relations.
The term One China may refer, in alphabetical order, to one of the following:
The history of the Republic of China begins after the Qing dynasty in 1912, when the Xinhai Revolution and the formation of the Republic of China put an end to 2,000 years of imperial rule. The Republic experienced many trials and tribulations after its founding which included being dominated by elements as disparate as warlord generals and foreign powers.
As a result of the surrender and occupation of Japan at the end of World War II, the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the governance of the Republic of China (ROC), ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT), on 25 October 1945. Following the February 28 massacre in 1947, martial law was declared in 1949 by the Governor of Taiwan, Chen Cheng, and the ROC Ministry of National Defense. Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the ROC government retreated from the mainland as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The KMT retreated to Taiwan and declared Taipei the temporary capital of the ROC. For many years, the ROC and PRC each continued to claim in the diplomatic arena to be the sole legitimate government of "China". In 1971, the United Nations expelled the ROC and replaced it with the PRC.
Chiang Pin-kung was a Taiwanese politician. He led the Ministry of Economic Affairs from 1993 to 1996, when he was named Minister of the Council for Economic Planning and Development, where he served until 2000. Chiang was subsequently elected to consecutive terms on the Legislative Yuan from 2002 to 2008. During his first term as a legislator, Chiang was Vice President of the Legislative Yuan. He was Chairman of the Straits Exchange Foundation from 2008 to 2012.
Cross-Strait relations are the relations between China and Taiwan.
The term "Two Chinas" refers to the geopolitical situation where two political entities exist under the name "China".
Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 12 UN member states and Holy See with 59 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.
The Kuomintang (KMT) is a Chinese political party that ruled mainland China from 1927 to 1949 prior to its relocation to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. The name of the party translates as "China's National People's Party" and was historically referred to as the Chinese Nationalists. The Party was initially founded on 23 August 1912, by Sun Yat-sen but dissolved in November 1913. It reformed on October 10, 1919, again led by Sun Yat-sen, and became the ruling party in China. After Sun's death, the party was dominated from 1927 to 1975 by Chiang Kai-shek. After the KMT lost the civil war with the Chinese Communist Party in 1949, the party retreated to Taiwan and remains a major political party of the Republic of China based in Taiwan.
Vanessa Shih is a Taiwanese diplomat who was appointed the representative of Republic of China to Austria in January 2016. She previously led the Taipei Representative Office in Singapore from 2009 to 2012, when she was named vice minister of foreign affairs. As vice minister Shih advocated for the United Nations to allow the Republic of China to have participation of some forms within the UN.
Chang Li-sheng was a Chinese politician and diplomat who served as the Secretary General of the Kuomintang from 1954 to 1959. L.S. Chang as he was commonly known, played a key role in Republic of China (ROC)'s political, economic, financial, and foreign affairs as well as in Kuomintang affairs from the 1920s until his death in Taiwan in 1971. Throughout his political life over four decades, Chang served in numerous important posts within both the KMT and the ROC's local and central governments. He was a rare example of Chinese political virtues, noted for his integrity and honesty. He is remembered for numerous achievements and deeds, including his role in assisting Chen Cheng (1897–1965), former Taiwan provincial governor, Premier, and Vice President, to launch Taiwan's local autonomy, economic and land reforms.
Fredrick F. Chien, or Fred Chien, Chien Foo, is a retired Taiwanese diplomat and politician who served as the President of the Republic of China Control Yuan from 1999 to 2005. After graduating from Yale University, he assumed a series of governmental positions include Director-General of the Government Information Office from 1972 to 1975, Republic of China Representative to the United States from 1982 to 1988, Chairman of the Council for Economic Planning and Development from 1988 to 1990, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1990 to 1996. He was also the Speaker of the National Assembly between 1996 and 1999.
The Republic of China (ROC) or simply China was a sovereign state based in mainland China from 1912 to 1949 prior to its move to Taiwan. It was first established on 1 January 1912, after being proclaimed in the Xinhai Revolution against the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and lasted until 7 December 1949, after its ruling party Kuomintang (KMT) was defeated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) at the de facto end of the Chinese Civil War, which resulted in a retreat of its central government to Taiwan, a territory which it took control of from the Empire of Japan in October 1945 after its surrender in World War II. The Communist-led People's Republic of China (PRC) was established on the mainland upon its official proclamation on 1 October 1949, while the ROC is now based on the island of Taiwan with its capital Taipei, where it retains actual rule over the Taiwan Area with the political status of Taiwan remaining in dispute to this day.
The Tibet Area was a province-level administrative division of the Republic of China which consisted of Ü-Tsang and Ngari areas, but excluding the Amdo and Kham areas. However, the Republic of China never exercised control over the territory, which was ruled by the Ganden Phodrang government in Lhasa. The People's Republic of China, which overthrew the ROC on the mainland in 1949, invaded Chamdo in 1950 and incorporated the Dalai Lama-controlled regions in 1951. After the 1959 Tibetan rebellion, the State Council of the PRC ordered the replacement of the Tibetan Kashag government with the "Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region" (PCTAR). The current Tibet Autonomous Region was established as a province-level division of the People's Republic of China in 1965.
Singapore–Taiwan relations are the international relations between Singapore and Taiwan. Taiwan has a representative office in Singapore. Singapore operates the Singapore Trade Office in Taipei in Taiwan, both of whom are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Presidential Envoy of ROC and Prime Minister of Singapore regularly meet, in the form similar to private state-to-state gesture diplomacy at APEC.
Andrew Hsia is a Taiwanese politician who is a vice chairman of the Kuomintang. He was minister of the Mainland Affairs Council from February 2015 to May 2016, and was chairman of the Association of Foreign Relations (AFR) from 2017 to 2022. Since 2023, he continues to serve on the AFR Board as managing supervisor.
Larry Wang or Wang Yu-yuan is a senior diplomat of the Republic of China (Taiwan). He is a native of Wujin County, Jiangsu Province. He is proficient in English and Spanish.