Missale Romanum Glagolitice

Last updated

A modern copy of a page from the Missale Romanum Glagolitice (note the page number at bottom right) Missale Romanum Glagolitice.jpg
A modern copy of a page from the Missale Romanum Glagolitice (note the page number at bottom right)

Missale Romanum Glagolitice (Croatian : Misal po zakonu rimskoga dvora, Ⰿⰹⱄⰰⰾⱏ ⱂⱁ ⰸⰰⰽⱁⱀⱆ ⱃⰹⰿⱄⰽⱁⰳⰰ ⰴⰲⱁⱃⰰ) is a Croatian missal and incunabulum printed in 1483. It is written in Glagolitic script and is the first printed Croatian book. It is the first missal in Europe not published in Latin script. Its editio princeps , unique in the achieved typographic artistry, was published only 28 years after the Gutenberg Bible's 42-lines, [1] bears witness of high cultural attainment and maturity of Croatian Glagolites and Croatian mediaeval literature. [2]

Contents

Characteristics

It is written in the Croatian recension of Church Slavonic and printed in Croatian angular Glagolitic. It has 440 pp, in format 19x26 cm. Its principal model in terms of subject and equivalent Glagolitic letters is thought to be the famous codex Misal kneza Novaka ("Prince Novak's Missal"), from 1368. The original manuscript of Novak's missal was then located in the village of Nugla near Roč. The text, however, was "modernized" with numerous words from then contemporary language. It was edited by the priests of Roč, notably Žakan Juri. The original manuscript of Novak's missal bears a historically important note by Simon Greblo. The manuscript used for the print of the Missale Romanum Glagolitice was probably carried to print by the deacon Žakan Juri. [3] [4]

Paleographic and linguistic analysis of the text revealed that the first printed Croatian books was edited by the Croats from Istria. The Missal rituals strictly follow the Latin Editio princeps (Milan, 1474) with slight differences in the order of some rituals.

Date of the printing (22 February 1483) is shown in the colophon, but the place of printing of still remains to be identified. According to some researchers, it was printed in Venice, but recent research assume suggests that it might have been printed in Kosinj in the Lika region. There is a historically important note on the manuscript used as a template for the Missale Romanum Glagolitice's print, written by Žakan Juri, who likely carried the book to print, in which he expresses his satisfaction at the forthcoming printing of the first Croatian book. In the note, he mentions that he is in Izola, and it is assumed that he was en route to the printing press. [3] [4]

Eleven incomplete copies and six fragments have been preserved, five of which are held in Zagreb: two in the National and University Library, and two in the library of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The Franciscan monastery in Zagreb and the Dominican monastery on the island of Brač have one copy each. The other five copies are kept in the Library of Congress in Washington, in the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, in the Austrian National Library in Vienna and in the Vatican Library (two copies).

See also

Notes

  1. Six years after the first printed book in Paris and Venice, one year before Stockholm, 58 years before Berlin and 70 years before Moscow.
  2. Hercigonja:1984 "Because of the importance of Glagolitic printing in the period from 1483 to 1561...as indisputably the highest attainment of Croatian medieval literature and a crucial event in our entire cultural tradition."; "In the fifteenth century the Croatian Glagolitism reached the highest point in its development, the era of the full maturity of its literary endeavourings. The most prominent results of these endeavourings were indisputably the appearance of the editio princeps of the Croatian Glagolitic Missal on the 22nd February 1483 and the organisation of the Glagolitic printing business during the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries (Kosinj, Senj, Rijeka, Venecija)."
  3. 1 2 "CROATIAN GLAGOLITIC AND GLAGOLITICS DAY It is celebrated today according to last week's decision of the Croatian Parliament". Glas Istre. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  4. 1 2 "JURIJ ŽAKAN". Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roč</span> Village in Istria, Croatia

Roč is a village in Istria County, north-west Croatia. Administratively it belongs to the town of Buzet. Roč is considered a historic town rather than a village due to its rich cultural heritage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church Slavonic</span> Liturgical language of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Slavic countries

Church Slavonic, also known as Church Slavic, New Church Slavonic, New Church Slavic or just Slavonic, is the conservative Slavic liturgical language used by the Eastern Orthodox Church in Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Serbia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Slovenia and Croatia. The language appears also in the services of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese, and occasionally in the services of the Orthodox Church in America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perušić</span> Municipality in Lika-Senj, Croatia

Perušić is municipality (općina) in Lika-Senj County, Croatia. The municipality has 2,638 inhabitants, while the settlement itself has 852. The municipality is within the mountainous Lika region of central Croatia. The Kosinj valley region sprawls alongside it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiev Missal</span> Old Church Slavonic manuscript

The Kiev Missal is a seven-folio Glagolitic Old Church Slavonic canon manuscript containing parts of the Roman-rite liturgy. It is usually held to be the oldest and the most archaic Old Church Slavonic manuscript, and is dated at no later than the latter half of the 10th century. Seven parchment folios have been preserved in small format of easily portable book to be of use to missionaries on the move.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hrvoje's Missal</span>

The Hrvoje's Missal is a 15th-century missal written in Glagolitic alphabet.

Eduard Hercigonja was a Croatian philologist, Croatist and literary historian. University professor and a member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, he authored several fundamental works on medieval Croatian literature and culture.

Order of Mass is an outline of a Mass celebration, describing how and in what order liturgical texts and rituals are employed to constitute a Mass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kosinj</span>

Kosinj, also known as Kosinj Valley, is a hilly region in Perušić municipality, Lika-Senj County, Croatia. It contains three villages: Gornji Kosinj and Donji Kosinj, which are connected by the Kosinj Bridge on the Lika river, and Bakovac Kosinjski. The population of the villages is 752 according to the 2011 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blaž Baromić</span>

Blaž Baromić was a Croatian printer, scribe, founder of the Senj printing press in 1494, the second oldest Croatian printing press. He is also known for his special typographic set known as Baromić technique of refracted ligatures, unique among incunabulas.

<i>Missal of duke Novak</i>

Missal of duke Novak was a 14th-century Glagolitic missal. The letters of the missal were later used for the first Croatian printed book Missale Romanum Glagolitice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fragmenta Vindobonensia</span> 12th-century Glagolitic manuscript

Fragmenta Vindobonensia, also known as the Vienna folios, is the name of two illuminated Glagolitic folios that most likely originate from 11th or 12th-century Croatia and Dalmatia.

<i>Spovid općena</i> First Croatian printed book from 1496

Spovid općena is the name of the first Croatian language printed book from 1496. It was printed in the printing press of Senj, Croatia and its process was overseen by Blaž Baromić. It was published some thirteen years after the first Croatian printed book Missale Romanum Glagolitice, written in Old Church Slavonic. It contains 36 leaves, and is also the first Croatian non-liturgical incunabula. The book is a translation of "Confessione generale" by the Milanese author Michele Carcano. The translation work was done by Jakov Blažiolović. The opening lines are "Počine spovidь opĉena ča est načinь ki ima držati č[lovi]kь naispita ñe konšencie kad se oĉe ispovid[a]ti".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glagolitic numerals</span> Numeral system from the Glagolitic script

Glagolitic numerals are a numeral system derived from the Glagolitic script, generally agreed to have been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril. They are similar to Cyrillic numerals, except that numeric values are assigned according to the native alphabetic order of the Glagolitic alphabet. Use of Glagolitic script and numerals declined through the Middle Ages and by the 17th century Glagolitic was used almost only in religious writings. It is unclear if the use of Glagolitic numerals persisted as long as the use of Glagolitic script.

George of Slavonia was a medieval theological writer and professor at the University of Sorbonne in Paris. He was also a priest in the city of Tours. He is notable for his writings on Glagolitic alphabet and the Croatian lands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angular Glagolitic</span>

Angular Glagolitic, also known as Croatian Glagolitic, is a style of Glagolitic book hand, developing from the earlier Rounded Glagolitic. Many letters present in Rounded Glagolitic were gradually abandoned: ⱏ, ⱐ, ⱔ, ⱘ, ⱙ, ⱚ, ⱛ and to a large extent ⰿ and ⱗ. Others were introduced, like ⱜ.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simon Greblo</span>

Simon Greblo was a Croatian priest, intellectual, Glagolitic writer and scribe. He was one of the most noted connoisseurs of the Glagolitic alphabet at the end of the 15th century. Greblo is generally considered the brightest Croatian copyist of his day. His calligraphy has been especially praised. While not an original author, his knowledge of cultural and literary interests of the day, taste and acumen in making literary choices have been noted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Žakan Juri</span> Croatian deacon

Žakan Juri, was a Croatian Glagolitic deacon and herald of the first Croatian printed book.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interpretation of the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ</span>

The Interpretation of the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ is a 15th-century work of narrative prose written in Glagolitic alphabet by the Glacolitic priest Simon Greblo.

References