| Mount Pindo | |
|---|---|
| Celtic Olympus | |
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 627 m (2,057 ft) |
| Coordinates | 42°53′19″N09°06′47″W / 42.88861°N 9.11306°W Coordinates: 42°53′19″N09°06′47″W / 42.88861°N 9.11306°W |
| Geography | |
Mount Pindo (Galician : Monte Pindo) is a mountain located in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is in the municipality of Carnota and province of A Coruna. [1] Composed of granite, it has a height of 627m. It is of local mythological importance.
Mountain is located in the Atlantic coast near Carnota. Mountain prevent connections between villages.
Since 2014 it is part of Natura 2000 special area of conservation of Monte Pindo and Carnota. The area covers 4674 hectares. A number or rare animals live in the area, including otter, many bats, black-throated loon and peregrine falcon. [2] Local environmentalists are campaigning to develop the area to full nature park. [3]
In 2013 there was a devastating wildfire at Monte Pindo. It burned more than 1600 hectares of forest. [4]
There is evidence of human presence from 6000 years ago in form of ceramic findings. [3] In 10th century bishop of Iria Flavia ordered a castle to be built on slopes of the mountain to protect the area from attacks from the sea. The castle was occupied by several noble families of Galicia until it was destroyed in the 1467 war. After that treasure hunters have destroyed the remaining walls. [5]
The particular geomorphology of Mount Pindo, full of reliefs in granite bowls, inspired many stories and legends of deities, carvings, or mythical monsters and giants, including some on the river Xallas, because the waterfall Ézaro fall by its waters directly on the salt water of the sea. It found numerous archaeological remains, as petroglyphs helpful bronze and remains of a supposed old hermitage.
In the tenth century Sisnando (bishop of Iria Flavia) ordered the construction of the Castle of St. George on the shores of the mountain as protection against pirate attacks medieval. Several noble families of Galicia inhabited until the castle was destroyed in 1467 in Irmandiñas Revolutions.
In this environment would be other two castles, but one that does not retain material remains determinants or documentation parsable more than a Latin inscription on a stone isolated: Kings, bishops, priests, by all powers received from God, this castle here excomungaron
This inscription refers to excommunication that in 1130 launched the archbishop Gelmírez against Earl Lock, to have prisoner in his castle to the Archdeacon of Castile.
Another fort on the mountain was called Peñafiel: there have also been hermitages, wells and paths. During the Spanish Civil War mountain was used as a refuge to escape from the enemy. [6]
The term Pindo has its origin in the language most likely Celtic: Binn dubh (Mt. dark, dark top). [7] The name Pindo may arise from the dialect of Gaelic Celtic spoken in the area before the Romanization of Gallaecia: [8] Binn (Irish Gaelic) or beinn (Gaelic) (literally tip or apex) and dubh (adjective to describe something dark). Binn Dubh (pindub) amount after Pindo. The Romans gave, however, the name of Celtic Supertamarci (which refers to celtización the area).
The authors also provide several examples of physically similar to the hills of Carnot and called exactly that way in both Ireland (Monte Binn Dubh), as in Scotland (Beinn Dubh Monte).
The mountain is regarded as mythical place. Several legends are related to celts which occupied the area in ancient times. It is said the mountain was their Mount Olympos where they made sacrifices. The lush nature connects the place to fertility, which has encouraged pilgrimage of couples wishing to get more children. [9]
Some caves in the area are said to belong to mouros, the supernatural beings living underground. [10]
There are numerous legends about this mountain, which some romantic Galician historians considered the Celtic Olympus.
Its dark color is one of the main characteristics of Pindo.
Place-names often reflect the topographic features characteristic of a given area, and such descriptive place-names are common in the indigenous languages of the different areas of the world.
Since Galicia has always been considered a land occupied by the ancestors of the local inhabitants over countless generations, without massive immigration of outsiders, a large number of Galician place-names should reflect similar descriptive toponyms.
However, in addition to place-names easily decipherable in the Galician language, we find place-names which allow no easy interpretation. As in other areas of the globe, such unintelligible place-names may reflect languages spoken earlier in the region, but which have later died out, leaving the descriptive place-names unintelligible in the present-day languages of the area.
Since Galicia was clearly a Celtic region at the time of the Roman conquest, let us have a look at the place-name Pindo from the perspective of the Celtic languages – more specifically from the perspective of the Goidelic or Gaelic branch of the Celtic languages.
In Irish Gaelic, binn means “peak”, “mountain top” and, by extension, at times it is used in reference to a mountain. In Scottish Gaelic, beinn also means “peak”, “mountain top” and, by extension, at times it is used in reference to a mountain too.
In Irish Gaelic, however, the sound represented by the letter b retains its voicing. Thus, the sound is quite similar to a Galician b /b/ in word-initial position. This, however, can be deceptive in the written languages, since the Galician b lenites to a soft sound like /v/ in word-medial or word-final position, while the Irish letter b is not lenited in such positions.
In Scottish Gaelic, b is pronounced as the unvoiced, unaspirated consonant /p/, very similar to the Galician consonant p /p/.
In both Gaelic languages, dubh means “dark”. In Northern Irish dialects and in Scottish Gaelic, the final consonant, pronounced like the Spanish consonant b inter-vocalically and represented by the digraph bh, is elided. Therefore, the word dubh is pronounced /du/. [11]
Celtic music is a broad grouping of music genres that evolved out of the folk music traditions of the Celtic people of Western Europe. It refers to both orally-transmitted traditional music and recorded music and the styles vary considerably to include everything from "trad" (traditional) music to a wide range of hybrids.
Galicia is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the northwest Iberian Peninsula, it includes the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra.
Santiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain. The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great, now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, as the destination of the Way of St. James, a leading Catholic pilgrimage route since the 9th century. In 1985, the city's Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In linguistics, lenition is a sound change that alters consonants, making them more sonorous. The word lenition itself means "softening" or "weakening". Lenition can happen both synchronically and diachronically. Lenition can involve such changes as voicing a voiceless consonant, causing a consonant to relax occlusion, to lose its place of articulation, or even causing a consonant to disappear entirely.
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic, is the oldest form of the Goidelic for which extensive written texts are extant. It was used from c. 600 to c. 900. The primary contemporary texts are dated c. 700–850; by 900 the language had already transitioned into early Middle Irish. Some Old Irish texts date from the 10th century, although these are presumably copies of texts composed at an earlier time period. Old Irish is thus forebear to Modern Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic.
Primitive Irish or Proto-Goidelic or Archaic Irish is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages. It is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Great Britain c. between the 4th and the 6th century.
Irish, like all modern Celtic languages, is characterized by its initial consonant mutations. These mutations affect the initial consonant of a word under specific morphological and syntactic conditions. The mutations are an important tool in understanding the relationship between two words and can differentiate various meanings.
Although Irish and Scottish Gaelic are closely related as Goidelic Celtic languages, they are different in many ways. While most dialects are not immediately mutually comprehensible, speakers of the two languages can rapidly develop mutual intelligibility.
Craughwell is a town and townland in County Galway, Ireland.
Comrie is a village and parish in the southern Highlands of Scotland, towards the western end of the Strathearn district of Perth and Kinross, 7 mi (11 km) west of Crieff. Comrie is a historic conservation village in a national scenic area along the river Earn. Its position on the Highland Boundary Fault explains why it has more earth tremors than anywhere else in Britain. The parish is twinned with Carleton Place, Ontario, Canada.
The Celtic nations are a cultural area and collection of geographical regions in Northwestern Europe where the Celtic languages and cultural traits have survived. The term nation is used in its original sense to mean a people who share a common identity and culture and are identified with a traditional territory.
Galicians are a Romance, sometimes also considered Celtic, ethnic group, closely related to the Portuguese people, and whose historic homeland is Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. Two Romance languages are widely spoken and official in Galicia: the native Galician and Spanish.
Fisterra is a municipality in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Fisterra. Fisterra is on Cape Finisterre, the final destination for many pilgrims on the Way of St. James.
Mazaricos is a municipality of northwestern Spain in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia. It belongs to the comarca of Xallas. Its capital is in A Picota.
The following place names are either derived from Scottish Gaelic or have Scottish Gaelic equivalents:
Celtic toponymy is the study of place names wholly or partially of Celtic origin. These names are found throughout continental Europe, Britain, Ireland, Anatolia and, latterly, through various other parts of the globe not originally occupied by Celts.
There is no standard variety of Scottish Gaelic; although statements below are about all or most dialects, the north-western dialects are discussed more than others as they represent the majority of speakers.
Gallaecian, or Northwestern Hispano-Celtic, is an extinct Celtic language of the Hispano-Celtic group. It was spoken at the beginning of the 1st millennium in the northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula that became the Roman province of Gallaecia and is now divided between the present day Norte Region in northern Portugal, and the Spanish regions of Galicia, western Asturias and the west of the Province of León.
Beinn Bhreac is a name shared by a number of Scottish hills and mountains:
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