Municipal elections in Israel are elections in which the residents of the cities and local councils in Israel vote for the chairman of the local authority (mayor or municipality chairman), as well as for members of the city councils or the local councils.
From 1950 to 1973, local elections were held the same day as national elections. The mayors of jurisdictions were elected by city or local councils, and from among its members. This maintained party stability.
In 1975, the government changed the schedule for municipal elections to every five years, rather than on the same schedule as the national legislative elections. The intention was to strengthen local politics, but the change in election day appears to have contributed to decreasing participation in voting on the local level, especially in large cities. [1]
In 1978, another reform established a double ballot: For the first time, voters could vote directly for the mayor (by popular vote) and for a party list for seats on the city or local council. The Knesset established that a candidate needs at least 40% of the total votes order to be elected to the position of the chairman or mayor of the local authority. If no candidate gets 40% of the votes, a second round of elections is held. In this run-off, only the top two candidates compete against each other. [1]
According to the Local Authorities Elections Law (חוק הבחירות לרשויות המקומיות), both Israeli citizens and permanent residents who are not citizens (e. g., the Palestinians of East Jerusalem), are eligible to vote for their local authorities. (In national elections, however, only Israeli citizens may vote.) Persons are considered eligible to vote in municipal elections at the age of 17 years, or older. (In national elections, by contrast, citizens must be aged 18, or older, to vote).
The contenders in the municipal elections are mostly representatives of the parties who also compete in the legislative elections.[ citation needed ] In addition, there may be numerous candidates who are not affiliated with a major political party. At times, voters will elected split tickets: a mayor who is independent or from one party, and a list of candidates for city council who are from another party. [1]
The municipal elections day is classified as a sabbatical for workers who reside within the voting area. [2] No media campaigns are broadcast on television or radio prior to the election day. [1]
Some municipalities do not hold elections in every cycle. For instance, parties may decide to support one candidate for the position of mayor, or to support a joint list of city council or the local council members. For example, in 2008, municipal elections were not held in Bnei Brak and in Modi'in Illit for this reason.
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated. Depending on the system chosen, a mayor may be the chief executive officer of the municipal government, may simply chair a multi-member governing body with little or no independent power, or may play a solely ceremonial role. A mayor's duties and responsibilities may be to appoint and oversee municipal managers and employees, provide basic governmental services to constituents, and execute the laws and ordinances passed by a municipal governing body. Options for selection of a mayor include direct election by the public, or selection by an elected governing council or board.
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Elections in the Philippines are of several types. The president, vice-president, and the senators are elected for a six-year term, while the members of the House of Representatives, governors, vice-governors, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, mayors, vice-mayors, members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod/members of the Sangguniang Bayan, barangay officials, and the members of the Sangguniang Kabataan are elected to serve for a three-year term.
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Local elections were held in the Philippines on May 13, 2013, the same day and on the same ballot as national elections. Elected were governors, mayors and council members of Philippine provinces, Philippine cities and Philippine municipalities. Separate elections for barangay officials were held on October.
Municipal elections in France allow the people to elect members of the City Council in each commune. These are called conseillers municipaux. They elect the mayor, who chairs the city council, as well as Deputies to the Mayor. The term of office of councilors, the mayor and his deputies is, in principle, six years.
Municipal elections were held in Israel on October 30, 2018. A run-off was held on November 13 in localities where a candidate for mayor received at least 40% of the vote.
Local elections were held in the German state of Hesse on 14 March 2021 to elect district, municipal, and city councils and local boards, as well as mayors in some cities and district administrators in some districts. Indirect elections also took place for the Planning Board of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main Regional Authority and the regional councils of Hesse's three governing districts.
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Elections are held in Jerusalem to elect the city's mayor. Currently, such elections are regularly scheduled to elect mayors to five-year terms.
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