NGC 1514

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NGC 1514
Emission nebula
Planetary nebula
NGC 1514 by Goran Nilsson & The Liverpool Telescope.jpg
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension 04h 09m 16.98573s [1]
Declination +30° 46′ 33.4699″ [1]
Distance1520  ly
Apparent magnitude (V)9.27
Apparent dimensions (V)2.2′ [2]
Constellation Taurus
Physical characteristics
Radius 0.5[ citation needed ] ly
See also: Lists of nebulae

NGC 1514 is a planetary nebula in the zodiac constellation of Taurus, [2] positioned to the north of the star Psi Tauri along the constellation border with Perseus. [3] Distance to the nebula is 466 pc, according to GAIA DR2 data.[ full citation needed ]

It was discovered by William Herschel on November 13, 1790, describing it as "a most singular phenomenon" and forcing him to rethink his ideas on the construction of the heavens. Up until this point Herschel was convinced that all nebulae consisted of masses of stars too remote to resolve, but now here was a single star "surrounded with a faintly luminous atmosphere". He concluded: "Our judgement I may venture to say, will be, that the nebulosity about the star is not of a starry nature." [4] [5]

This is a double-shell nebula that is described as, "a bright roundish amorphous PN" with a radius of around 65″ and a faint halo that has a radius of 90″. [6] It consists of an outer shell, an inner shell, and bright blobs. [7] The inner shell appears to be distorted, but was likely originally spherical. [8] An alternative description is of "lumpy nebula composed of numerous small bubbles" with a somewhat filamentary structure in the outer shell. [5] Infrared observations show a huge region of dust surrounds the planetary nebula, spanning 8.5 ly (2.6 pc). There is also a pair of rings forming what appears to be a diabolo-like structure, similar to those found in MyCn 18, but these are extremely faint and only visible in the mid-infrared, [8] The combined mass of the gas and dust is estimated at 2.2±1.4  M☉ [6] The ionized gas is moderately excited, and the electron temperature is estimated to be 15,000 K. [8]

The nebula originated from a binary star system with the designation HD 281679 from the Henry Draper Catalogue. [9] The bright, visible component is a giant star on the horizontal branch with a stellar classification of A0III, while the nebula-generating companion is now a hot, sub-luminous O-type star. [5] The two were originally thought to have an orbital period on the order of 10 days, [7] but observations of the system over years showed that their orbit is actually one of the longest known for any planetary nebula, with a period of about 9 years. [10] Their orbital eccentricity is about 0.5. [10]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2346</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Monoceros

NGC 2346 is a planetary nebula near the celestial equator in the constellation of Monoceros, less than a degree to the ESE of Delta Monocerotis. It is informally known as the Butterfly Nebula. The nebula is bright and conspicuous with a visual magnitude of 9.6, and has been extensively studied. Among its most remarkable characteristics is its unusually cool central star, which is a spectroscopic binary, and its unusual shape.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eskimo Nebula</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Gemini

The Eskimo Nebula, also known as the Clown-faced Nebula, Lion Nebula, or Caldwell 39, is a bipolar double-shell planetary nebula (PN). It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1787. The formation resembles a person's head surrounded by a parka hood. It is surrounded by gas that composed the outer layers of a Sun-like star. The visible inner filaments are ejected by a strong wind of particles from the central star. The outer disk contains unusual, light-year-long filaments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Owl Nebula</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Ursa Major

The Owl Nebula is a starburst ("planetary") nebula approximately 2,030 light years away in the northern constellation Ursa Major. The estimated age of the Owl Nebula is about 8,000 years. It is approximately circular in cross-section with faint internal structure. It was formed from the outflow of material from the stellar wind of the central star as it evolved along the asymptotic giant branch. The nebula is arranged in three concentric shells/envelopes, with the outermost shell being about 20–30% larger than the inner shell. A mildly owl-like appearance of the nebula is the result of an inner shell that is not circularly symmetric, but instead forms a barrel-like structure aligned at an angle of 45° to the line of sight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2438</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Puppis

NGC 2438 is a planetary nebula in the southern constellation of Puppis. Parallax measurements by Gaia put the central star at a distance of roughly 1,370 light years. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 19, 1786. NGC 2438 appears to lie within the cluster M46, but it is most likely unrelated since it does not share the cluster's radial velocity. The case is yet another example of a superposed pair, joining the famed case of NGC 2818.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 40</span> Planetary Nebula in the constellation of Cepheus

NGC 40 is a planetary nebula discovered by William Herschel on November 25, 1788, and is composed of hot gas around a dying star. The star has ejected its outer layer which has left behind a small, hot star. Radiation from the star causes the shed outer layer to heat to about 10,000 degrees Celsius and become visible as a planetary nebula. The nebula is about one light-year across. About 30,000 years from now, scientists theorize that NGC 40 will fade away, leaving only a white dwarf star approximately the size of Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6781</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Aquila

NGC 6781 is a planetary nebula located in the equatorial constellation of Aquila, about 2.5° east-northeast of the 5th magnitude star 19 Aquilae. It was discovered July 30, 1788 by the Anglo-German astronomer William Herschel. The nebula lies at a distance of 1,500 ly from the Sun. It has a visual magnitude of 11.4 and spans an angular size of 1.9 × 1.8 arcminutes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2022</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Orion

NGC 2022 is a planetary nebula in the equatorial constellation of Orion, located at a distance of 8.21 kilolight-years from the Sun. It was first observed by William Herschel on December 28, 1785, who described it as: considerably bright, nearly round, like a star with a large diameter, like an ill-defined planetary nebula. In medium-sized amateur telescopes it looks like a small grayish patch of light. It is not very bright but it is still easy to spot it in the eyepiece. Even in a telescope as small as 80mm it can just be seen using a narrowband filter such as an OIII filter as a 'fuzzy' star. The object has the shape of a prolate spheroid with a major to minor axis ratio of 1.2, an apparent size of 28″, and a halo extending out to 40″, which is about the angular diameter of Jupiter as seen from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5882</span> Small planetary nebula in the constellation Lupus

NGC 5882 is a small planetary nebula in the southern constellation of Lupus, positioned about 1.5° to the southwest of the star Epsilon Lupi. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 2, 1834 from the Cape of Good Hope observatory. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "very small, round, quite sharp". It is located at a distance of approximately 7.7 kilolight-years from the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5307</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Centaurus

NGC 5307 is a planetary nebula in the southern constellation of Centaurus, positioned less than 3° to the northeast of the star Epsilon Centauri. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on April 15, 1836. The nebula is located at a distance of approximately 10.6 kilolight-years from the Sun. The central star, designated PNG 312.3+10.5, is a weak emission-line star, superficially similar to the WC subtype of Wolf–Rayet stars. It has a spectral class of O(H)3.5 V.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7662</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 7662 is a planetary nebula located in the northern constellation Andromeda. It is known as the Blue Snowball Nebula, Snowball Nebula, and Caldwell 22. This nebula was discovered October 6, 1784 by the German-born English astronomer William Herschel. In the New General Catalogue it is described as a "magnificent planetary or annular nebula, very bright, pretty small in angular size, round, blue, variable nucleus". The object has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.3 and spans an angular size of 32″ × 28″. Parallax measurements give a distance estimate of 5,730 ± 340 ly (1,757 ± 103 pc).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7354</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 7354 is a planetary nebula located in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cepheus, at a distance of approximately 5.5 kly from the Sun. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on November 3, 1787. John L. E. Dreyer described it as, "a planetary nebula, bright, small, round, pretty gradually a very little brighter middle".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2867</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Carina

NGC 2867 is an elliptical Type II planetary nebula in the southern constellation of Carina, just over a degree to the NNW of the star Iota Carinae. It was discovered by John Herschel on April 1, 1834. Herschel initially thought he might have found a new planet, but on the following night he checked again and discovered it had not moved. The nebula is located at a distance of 7,270 light-years from the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1535</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation of Eridanus

NGC 1535 is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Eridanus, discovered by William Herschel on February 1, 1785. It is very similar to the Eskimo Nebula in both color and structure but the central star can be quite difficult to observe visually.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Ghost Nebula</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Ophiuchus

Little Ghost Nebula, also known as NGC 6369, is a planetary nebula in the constellation Ophiuchus. It was discovered by William Herschel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1501</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Camelopardalis

NGC 1501 is a complex planetary nebula located in the constellation of Camelopardalis, it was discovered on the 27th August 1787 by William Herschel. It is also known as the Oyster Nebula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6905</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Delphinus

NGC 6905, also known as the Blue Flash Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the constellation Delphinus. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. The central star is 14.0 mag. The distance of the nebula, as with most planetary nebulae, is not well determined and estimates range between 1.7 and 2.6 kpc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6445</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Sagittarius

NGC 6445, also known as the Little Gem Nebula or Box Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 28, 1786. The distance of NGC 6445 is estimated to be slightly more than 1,000 parsecs based on the parallax measured by Gaia, which was measured at 0.9740±0.3151 mas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6778</span> Planetary nebula in the constellation Aquila

NGC 6778 is a planetary nebula (PN) located about 10,300 light years away from the Sun in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. It is positioned 5° to the SSW of the prominent star Delta Aquilae. This nebula was discovered by German astronomer Albert Marth during the period 1863–1865. English astronomer John Herschel may have mistakenly catalogued it as NGC 6785, as nothing can be found now at the coordinates he gave for it. In the New General Catalogue it was described as a "small, elongated, ill-defined disc".

LoTr 5 is a large, faint planetary nebula in the constellation of Coma Berenices. In 2018, its parallax was measured by Gaia, giving a distance of about 1,650 light-years.

References

  1. 1 2 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 616. A1. arXiv: 1804.09365 . Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 . Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 Finlay, Warren H. (2014), Concise Catalog of Deep-sky Objects, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series (2nd ed.), Springer Science & Business Media, p. 177, ISBN   978-3-319-03169-9.
  3. ↑ Sinnott, Roger W.; Perryman, Michael A. C. (1997). Millennium Star Atlas. Vol. 1. Sky Publishing Corporation and the European Space Agency. ISBN   0-933346-84-0.
  4. ↑ Herschel, William (February 10, 1791), "On Nebulous Stars, Properly So Called.", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 81: 71–88, Bibcode:1791RSPT...81...71H, doi:10.1098/rstl.1791.0006, S2CID   186209286.
  5. 1 2 3 Ressler, Michael E.; et al. (December 2010), "The Discovery of Infrared Rings in the Planetary Nebula NGC 1514 During the WISE All-sky Survey", The Astronomical Journal, 140 (6): 1882–1890, arXiv: 1011.3877 , Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1882R, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1882, S2CID   31272682.
  6. 1 2 Aryal, B.; et al. (February 2010), "A giant dusty bipolar structure around the planetary nebula NGC 1514", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 402 (2): 1307–1312, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.1307A, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15966.x .
  7. 1 2 Muthu, C.; Anandarao, B. G. (December 2003), "A Spatiokinematic Study of the Planetary Nebula NGC 1514", The Astronomical Journal, 126 (6): 2963–2970, Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2963M, doi: 10.1086/379552 .
  8. 1 2 3 Aller, A.; Vázquez, R.; Olguín, L.; Miranda, L. F.; Ressler, M. E. (2021), "The morpho-kinematical structure and chemical abundances of the complex planetary nebula NGC 1514", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 504 (4): 4806–4816, arXiv: 2105.01495 , doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1233.
  9. ↑ "NGC 1514". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  10. 1 2 Jones, D.; Van Winckel, H.; Aller, A.; Exter, K.; De Marco, O. (2017). "The long-period binary central stars of the planetary nebulae NGC 1514 and LoTr 5". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 600: L9. arXiv: 1703.05096 . Bibcode:2017A&A...600L...9J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730700. S2CID   55371290.
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