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An archivist is an information professional who assesses,collects,organizes,preserves,maintains control over,and provides access to records and archives determined to have long-term value. The records maintained by an archivist can consist of a variety of forms,including letters,diaries,logs,other personal documents,government documents,sound and/or picture recordings,digital files,or other physical objects.
The Society of American Archivists is the oldest and largest archivist association in North America,serving the educational and informational needs of more than 5,000 individual archivist and institutional members. Established in 1936,the organization serves upwards of 6,200 individual and member institutions.
In library and archival science,digital preservation is a formal endeavor to ensure that digital information of continuing value remains accessible and usable. It involves planning,resource allocation,and application of preservation methods and technologies,and it combines policies,strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and "born-digital" content,regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. The Association for Library Collections and Technical Services Preservation and Reformatting Section of the American Library Association,defined digital preservation as combination of "policies,strategies and actions that ensure access to digital content over time." According to the Harrod's Librarian Glossary,digital preservation is the method of keeping digital material alive so that they remain usable as technological advances render original hardware and software specification obsolete.
Archival science,or archival studies,is the study and theory of building and curating archives,which are collections of documents,recordings and data storage devices.
The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) of the United States was an archival program led by the Library of Congress to archive and provide access to digital resources. The program convened several working groups,administered grant projects,and disseminated information about digital preservation issues. The U.S. Congress established the program in 2000,and official activity specific to NDIIPP itself wound down between 2016 and 2018. The Library was chosen because of its role as one of the leading providers of high-quality content on the Internet. The Library of Congress has formed a national network of partners dedicated to preserving specific types of digital content that is at risk of loss.
Margaret L. Hedstrom is an American archivist who is the Robert M. Warner Collegiate Professor of Information at the University of Michigan School of Information. She has contributed to the field of digital preservation,archives,and electronic records management and holds a doctorate in history from the University of Wisconsin.
Charles M. Dollar,an internationally recognized expert on the life cycle management of electronic records,particularly electronic records archiving,pioneered research into digital preservation of electronic records.
Archival processing is the act of surveying,arranging,describing,and performing basic preservation activities on the recorded material of an individual,family,or organization after they are permanently transferred to an archive. A person engaging in this activity is known as an archival processor,archival technician, or archivist.
In conservation,library and archival science,preservation is a set of preventive conservation activities aimed at prolonging the life of a record,book,or object while making as few changes as possible. Preservation activities vary widely and may include monitoring the condition of items,maintaining the temperature and humidity in collection storage areas,writing a plan in case of emergencies,digitizing items,writing relevant metadata,and increasing accessibility. Preservation,in this definition,is practiced in a library or an archive by a conservator,librarian,archivist,or other professional when they perceive a collection or record is in need of maintenance.
Paul Conway is an associate professor at the University of Michigan School of Information and has worked with Yale University and Duke University Universities after starting his career at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. His research and educational work focuses primarily on digital preservation and electronic media. He has published extensively throughout his career on library preservation,conservation issues,and education of library and archives personnel.
The Section 108 Study Group was a select committee of copyright experts and library and archives professionals,convened by the Copyright Office and the Library of Congress's National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). The Study Group was charged with updating Section 108 of the United States Copyright Act—relating to libraries and archives' ability to make copies of copyrighted works available under certain circumstances—for the digital age. The Study Group issued a final report in March 2008,outlining proposed changes and updates to Section 108.
Ann Josephine Wolpert was an American librarian who was a pioneer in digital libraries. As director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Libraries from 1996 to 2013,she was instrumental in a variety of projects,including leading an initiative between MIT and Hewlett Packard to develop the DSpace digital repository system,and supporting MIT OpenCourseWare,one of the earliest large-scale projects to provide open access to university course materials. She also championed MIT's adoption of an open access mandate in 2009,the first of its kind in the United States.
Luciana Duranti is an archival theorist and professor of archival science and diplomatics at the School of Library,Archival and Information Studies,University of British Columbia in Vancouver,Canada. She is a noted expert on diplomatics and electronic records. Since 1998,she has been the director of the electronic records research project,InterPARES. She has disclosed the concept of the archival bond originally initiated by Italian archivist Giorgio Cencetti in 1937.
Meredith Evans is an archivist,historian and scholar and the director of the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum in Atlanta. Her work focuses on the African-American experience in the United States,including the documentation of archival records from African-American churches in the Atlanta area,and the preservation of social media from recent civil rights protests such as those of the Ferguson unrest in Ferguson,Missouri after the shooting of Michael Brown.
Elizabeth Yakel is an archivist,researcher,and educator in information science. Yakel is known for work advancing archival practice,the use of primary sources in archives education,studies of data reuse practices,and digital curation. Yakel is the senior associate dean for academic affairs and a professor at the University of Michigan School of Information,where she has been on the faculty since 2000. She is the former coordinator of the Preservation of Information specialization in the Master of Science in Information program and teaches in the Archives and Record Management area. She specializes in digital archives and digital preservation and has developed five such graduate level courses at UM,including "Economics of Sustainable Digital Information" and "Practical Engagement Workshop in Digital Preservation."
Anne R. Kenney was an American librarian and archivist known for her work in digital preservation.
ICPSR,the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research,was established in 1962. An integral part of the infrastructure of social science research,ICPSR maintains and provides access to a vast archive of social science data for research and instruction. Since 1963,ICPSR has offered training in quantitative methods to facilitate effective data use. The ICPSR Summer Program in Quantitative Methods of Social Research offers a comprehensive curriculum in research design,statistics,data analysis,and methodology. To ensure that data resources are available to future generations of scholars,ICPSR curates and preserves data,migrating them to new storage media and file formats as changes in technology warrant. In addition,ICPSR provides user support to assist researchers in identifying relevant data for analysis and in conducting their research projects.
Helen Ruth Tibbo is an American archivist,professor and author writing about digital preservation in the archival profession. At the University of North Carolina,she created and directed the first American master's degree on digital curation. She is a past President of the Society of American Archivists
Kenneth Francis Thibodeau is an American specialist in electronic records management who worked for many years at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). He was responsible for development of the pioneering DoD 5015.02 standard for electronic records management and for creation of NARA's Electronic Records Archives System (ERA).
Adrian Cunnningham is an Australian archivist who worked for many years at the National Archives of Australia. He is known for his contributions to the practice of digital records management,including development of international standards in this field.
References
- ↑ "Congratulations to Dr. Nancy McGovern for being awarded the 2023 Emmett Leahy Award". Preservica Blog. September 14, 2023.
- ↑ U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION TRANSCRIPT OF NATIONAL ARCHIVES HISTORY OFFICE ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW Subject: Peggy Adams Interviewer: Jessie Kratz January 29, 2018 Conducted at the National Archives Building, Washington, DC. https://www.archives.gov/files/about/history/peggy-adams-oral-history.pdf
- ↑ "Nancy McGovern is a Digital Pioneer". Library of Congress (U.S.) Digital Preservation, Digital Pioneer - Nancy McGovern. 2010.
- ↑ "Nancy McGovern Named SAA Fellow". IASSIST Blog. November 11, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
- ↑ Willer, Ann Marie (March 2, 2012). "MIT Library Hires New Head of Curation and Preservation Services". Preservation and Conservation Administration News. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
- 1 2 "Nancy McGovern". Society of American Archivists. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
- 1 2 "Nancy McGovern, Digital Preservation Pioneer". Library of Congress. October 2010. Retrieved 2018-08-25.
- ↑ "Digital Preservation Management". Section: "About the Workshop". Cornell University and MIT Libraries. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
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