Alternative medicine is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine despite lacking biological plausibility, testability, repeatability or evidence of effectiveness. Unlike modern medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing repeatable evidence of either effect or of no effect, alternative therapies reside outside of medical science and do not originate from using the scientific method, but instead rely on testimonials, anecdotes, religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "energies", pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources. Frequently used terms for relevant practices are New Age medicine, pseudo-medicine, unorthodox medicine, holistic medicine, fringe medicine, and unconventional medicine, with little distinction from quackery.
The University of Khartoum is a public university located in Khartoum, Sudan. It is the largest and oldest university in Sudan. UofK was founded as Gordon Memorial College in 1902 and established in 1956 when Sudan gained independence. Since that date, the University of Khartoum has been recognized as a top university and a high-ranked academic institution in Sudan and Africa.
The Islamic Azad University is a private university system headquartered in Tehran, Iran. It is one of the largest comprehensive systems of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the world. Besides Iran, the university has international satellite branches in countries such as Afghanistan, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon and the United Kingdom.
Arabian Gulf University is a university in the city of Manama, in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It is accredited by the Ministry of Education, Bahrain, and governed by Gulf Cooperative Countries, and is a member of Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World. Entry into the university is restricted to GCC nationals, with other Arab nationals considered only if vacancies are available.
Omdurman Islamic University (OIU) is built on an area of size about 800 feddans in Omdurman, Sudan. While the school is primarily oriented toward Islamic studies, it serves other fields of studies as well, such as Engineering, Agriculture and Medicine. Omdurman Islamic University is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World.
University of Gezira, or U of G, is a public university located in Wad Medani, Sudan. It is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World.
The University of Kordofan is one of the largest universities in Sudan located in El-Obeid 560 km to the southwest of Khartoum. It was founded in 1990 and is recognized as one of the top universities in Sudan. It features several institutes, academic units and research centres, including the Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, the Centre for Intermediate Technology in Agriculture and a Deanship for Scientific Research and Postgraduate Studies. It is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World.
Awad Haj Ali Ahmed Is a Sudanese academic. He has been an educator, vice chancellor of Neelain University for more than ten years, and director of the Sudanese Central Bureau of Statistics. He was a member of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP), and a chairperson of the Eastern Caucus of the PAP.
Red Sea University is located in the city of Port Sudan, in the state of The Red Sea in eastern Sudan. It was established in 1994. It is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World.
University of Kassala . A public university located in Kassala, Sudan it was established to provide higher education services to the people of eastern Sudan in the field of engineering, medicine, education, computer science, economy, accounting and management. The university was established by Republican Decree No. (67), according to which the University of the East was divided into three universities: University of Kassala, University of Gadarif and Red Sea University.
The Alzaiem Alazhari University located in Khartoum North, Sudan. It was established in 1993 in memory of Ismail al-Azhari.
The International University of Africa is a private university in Khartoum, Sudan. It is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World. The university has faculties of Education and Humanities, Shariah and Islamic Studies, of Pure and Applied Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.
The University of Gadarif is a public university in the town of Al Qadarif, capital of the state of Al Qadarif in Sudan. The university was founded in 1990. Faculties include Medicine and Health Sciences, Computer Science and Information Technology, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Agricultural and Environmental, Education and Sharia and Islamic Studies. The university is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World and the Foundation for Advancement of international Medical Education and Research (FAIMER).
The University of the Holy Quran and Islamic Sciences is a university in the state of Khartoum, Sudan. It is based in Omdurman.
University of El Imam El Mahdi is a public Sudanese university based in the town of Kosti, Sudan. The university was founded in 1994 as a public university funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. It is named in honor of Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi, the leader of the Mahdist revolution which overthrew the Ottoman-Egyptian administration and established their own "Islamic and national" government in Sudan (1885-1898).
The National Ribat University (NRU) is a university based in the city of Khartoum, Sudan.
Alternative medicine describes any practice which aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine, but which lacks biological plausibility and is untested or untestable. Complementary medicine (CM), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), integrated medicine or integrative medicine (IM), and holistic medicine are among many rebrandings of the same phenomenon.
Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan FRCP FTWAS was a Sudanese professor of pathology.
