New Brazilian secondary education

Last updated
New Brazilian secondary education
Temer ensino medio.jpg
President Michel Temer sanctions the reform of secondary education during a ceremony at the Planalto Palace
Chamber of Deputies
  • Federal Law No. 13,415 of 2017
Citation
Territorial extentWhole of Brazil
Enacted by Chamber of Deputies
EnactedDecember 13, 2016
Enacted by Federal Senate
EnactedFebruary 8th, 2017
Signed byPresident Michel Temer
SignedFebruary 16, 2017
Effective February 17, 2017
Legislative history
First chamber: Chamber of Deputies
Bill titleProvisional Measure No. 746 of 2016
Bill citation
Introduced byPresident Michel Temer
Second chamber: Federal Senate
PassedFebruary 8th, 2017
Voting summary
  • 43 voted for
  • 13 voted against
Status: In force

The new Brazilian secondary education is a government educational policy instituted by Federal Law No. 13,415 of 2017, based on Provisional Measure No. 746 of 2016, which caused the secondary school reform. [Note 1] It aims to provide flexibility in the subjects taught to secondary school students in Brazil, establishing compulsory and optional disciplines. It also includes an increase in the workload over the years. Mendonça Filho, then Minister of Education, believed that the reform would help combat school dropouts and encourage the expansion of full-time education. Critics claim that it will weaken basic education in Brazil. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

On February 8, 2017, the Provisional Measure was approved in the Senate by 43 votes to 13; on February 16, it was sanctioned by President Michel Temer. The text divides the content of secondary education into 60% compulsory subjects, which will be defined by the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC), and 40% optional subjects. Students must choose an area of interest among languages, mathematics, humanities, natural sciences and vocational education. [1] [4] [5] [6]

Schools will have a deadline to increase their workload from 800 hours a year to 1,000 hours (or from four hours a day to five hours a day), in order to gradually implement full-time teaching. The annual workload must reach 1,400 hours, but there is no deadline for this. [4] [7]

Background

In 2013, a secondary school reform proposal by Reginaldo Lopes, a federal deputy from Minas Gerais affiliated to the Workers' Party (PT), was being discussed in the Chamber of Deputies under Bill No. 6.840. At the time, he claimed that the secondary school curriculum was outdated, had too many compulsory subjects and didn't recognize the individual differences of the students. [2] [8] [9] [10]

Definitions and objectives

The secondary school curriculum was defined by the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC). The document is composed of 4 areas of knowledge plus 1 area of technical and vocational training. One of the aims of the project is to promote an increase in the workload in order to meet target 6 of the National Education Plan (PNE), which stipulates that 50% of schools and 25% of enrolments in basic education should be in full-time education by 2024. [2] [11] [12] [13]

Reception and repercussions

High school students occupy school against reform in Brasilia. Ocupacao-de-escola-publica-em-Brasilia.jpg
High school students occupy school against reform in Brasilia.

The reform is considered controversial and has divided the opinions of educators. Students held large mobilizations across Brazil, especially in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná, against the amendment. Deputy Thiago Peixoto (PSD-GO) stated that the protests were partly due to misinformation about the content of the provisional measure. One of the main points of praise for the proposal is that it makes subjects more flexible. [14] [15] [16] [17]

Daniel Cara, general coordinator of the National Campaign for the Right to Education, is one of the main critics of the reform. [18] A citizen from Rio Grande do Sul sent a bill to the Federal Senate via the e-Citizenship Portal suggesting that philosophy and sociology become compulsory subjects in high school. The suggestion was included by the Human Rights Commission in Bill No. 2579 of 2019. [19]

Protests against the new secondary education

Protests to repeal the new secondary school system took place on March 15, 2023, in 56 cities across Brazil. The new format, which became compulsory in 2022, has been the target of much criticism, especially regarding the reduction in the workload of traditional subjects. The demonstrators, mostly secondary school students, called on the Lula government to repeal the current model, while the Minister of Education, Camilo Santana, admitted that it was necessary to make "adjustments". [16] [20]

Application schedule

In June 2021, the Ministry of Education announced the timetable for implementing the secondary school reform, which began in 2022 and ended in 2024, when the ENEM became aligned with the new format. After protests and criticism from students and civil organizations, the reform schedule was suspended for 90 days. [21] [22] [23] [24]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Amends the National Education Guidelines and Bases Law of December 20, 1996, which establishes the guidelines and bases of national education, and Law No. 11494, of June 20, 2007, which regulates the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Valorization of Education Professionals, the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) and Decree No. 236, of February 1, 1967. Repeals Law No. 1161, of August 5, 2005, and establishes the Policy for Promoting the Implementation of Full-Time High Schools.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minas Gerais</span> State in Southeastern Brazil

Minas Gerais is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 census. Located in the Southeast Region of the country, it is limited to south and southwest with São Paulo; Mato Grosso do Sul to the west; Goiás and the Federal District to the northwest; Bahia to the north and northeast; Espírito Santo to the east; and Rio de Janeiro to the southeast. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte, is a major urban and finance center in Brazil, being the sixth most populous municipality in the country while its metropolitan area ranks as the third largest in Brazil with just over 5.8 million inhabitants, after those of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Minas Gerais' territory is subdivided into 853 municipalities, the largest number among Brazilian states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Brazil</span> Overview of education in Brazil

Education in Brazil has had many changes. It first began with Jesuit missions, that controlled education for a long time. Then, two hundred years after their arrival, their powers were limited by the Marquis of Pombal. Shortly after the Jesuits' power was limited, the Brazilian government took over education and it is now run by the government through the Ministry of Education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Podemos (Brazil)</span> Brazilian political party

Podemos, previously known as the National Labour Party is a centre-right Brazilian political party. Historically labourist and Janist, since 2016 the party shifted its focus to support anti-corruption policies and direct democracy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amazonas State University</span>

The Amazonas State University is a Brazilian public university operated by the state of Amazonas, located in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. It was established in 2001 by a state law that turned the University of Technology of Amazonas into the UEA. In 2011, UEA was ranked the best university of the state in an evaluation made by the Ministry of Education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio</span> Standardized Brazilian national exam

Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, shortened as Enem, is a non-mandatory, standardized Brazilian national exam, which evaluates high school students in Brazil. The ENEM is the most important exam of this kind in Brazil, with more than 8.6 million registered candidates in 2016. It is the second largest in the world after China's National Higher Education Entrance Examination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais</span>

The Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais is an education center located in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.

The Federal University of Sergipe is a Brazilian public institution based in Sergipe, with campuses in São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Itabaiana, Laranjeiras, and Lagarto. Founded in 1967 by the junction of the state's existing colleges, it became its second university and its first public one. It became the state's most reputable and disputed higher education institution, ranking among the country's 40 best universities and Latin America's top 200 list.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fernando Haddad</span> Brazilian politician and academic

Fernando Haddad is a Brazilian scholar, lawyer and politician who has served as the Brazilian Minister of Finance since 1 January 2023. He was previously the mayor of São Paulo from 2013 to 2017 and the Brazilian minister of education from 2005 to 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Party (Brazil)</span> Political party in Brazil

The New Party is a classical liberal, libertarian party in Brazil founded on 12 February 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fabiano Silveira</span> Brazilian lawyer and politician

Fabiano Augusto Martins Silveira is a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He is a legislative advisor to the Federal Senate of Brazil and was briefly the Minister of Transparency, Supervision and Control of Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brazil labor reform (2017)</span>

The 2017 labor reform in Brazil was a significant change in the country's Consolidation of Labor Laws. According to the government, the goal of the reform was to combat unemployment and the still ongoing 2014 Brazilian economic crisis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romeu Zema</span> Brazilian businessman and politician (born 1964)

Romeu Zema Neto is a Brazilian businessman, administrator, and politician affiliated with the NOVO party. The current Governor of the state of Minas Gerais, Zema served as the head of the Zema Group, an industrial conglomerate, from 1990 to 2016. First elected in 2018, he won 42.73% of the valid votes, qualifying for a second round against Antônio Anastasia. Winning with 72.80% of the votes, he was inaugurated in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 student protests in Brazil</span> Series of demonstrations and occupations

The Student mobilisation in Brazil in 2016 corresponded to a series of demonstrations and occupations in Brazilian secondary schools and universities that intensified during the second half of 2016. The mobilisations were carried out by high school and university students in several states in Brazil.

Auxílio Brasil was the social welfare program of the Government of Brazil, created during the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro. Announced in October 2021, the provisional measure was sanctioned by Bolsonaro after passing through both legislative houses on 30 December 2021, replacing Bolsa Família. However, after Lula's reelection as president of Brazil in 2022, he declared that he would rename the program to Bolsa Família, putting an end to Auxílio Brasil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">57th Legislature of the National Congress</span> Incumbent meeting of the legislature of Brazil

The 57th Legislature of National Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the Federal Government of Brazil, composed by the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. It convened in Brasília on 1 February 2023, a month after the inauguration of the winner of the 2022 presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidency of Michel Temer</span> Brazilian governmental presidency (2016–2019)

The presidency of Michel Temer began on May 12, 2016, when the vice-president of the Republic, Michel Temer, temporarily assumed the position of president of the Brazilian Republic, after the temporary removal of President Dilma Rousseff, as a result of the acceptance of the impeachment process by the Federal Senate. Once the process was concluded, on August 31 of the same year, Temer took over the position permanently, which he held until January 1, 2019, when the administration of Bolsonaro began.

The Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior, also known as FIES, is a Brazilian Ministry of Education program created in 1999 with the aim of financing higher education degrees for students enrolled in private institutions. It allows students to start paying their tuition fees only after graduation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso</span> Brazilian governmental presidency (1995–2003)

The presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso began on January 1, 1995, with the inauguration of Fernando Henrique, also known as FHC, and ended on January 1, 2003, when Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took over the presidency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016–2017 Brazilian protests</span> Brazilian demonstrations in 2016 and 2017

The 2016–2017 Brazilian protests were popular demonstrations that took place in different regions of Brazil after Dilma Rousseff's impeachment. The marches were marked by the slogan "Fora Temer".

The Sistema de Seleção Unificada is a digital platform launched in January 2010 and developed by the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC). It is used by students who attended the National High School Exam to apply to higher education institutions that use ENEM scores as a method of admission. From 2024, the system will be limited to one edition per year, which will be held in January.

References

  1. 1 2 "Senado aprova MP que reforma o ensino médio". Estadão. 2017-02-08. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  2. 1 2 3 Fajardo, Vanessa (2017-02-08). "Entenda a reforma do ensino médio". G1. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  3. ↑ Oliveira, Junia (2021-07-07). "O aluno decide como estudar? Entenda a ideia do novo ensino médio em Minas". Estado de Minas. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  4. 1 2 "Sancionada Lei da Reforma no Ensino Médio". Agência Senado. 2017-02-16. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  5. ↑ Calgaro, Fernanda (2017-02-08). "Senado aprova MP que reforma o ensino médio; texto vai à sanção presidencial". G1. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  6. ↑ Rossi, Marina (2017-02-09). "Reforma do Ensino Médio é aprovada no Senado". El País. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  7. ↑ Torkarnia, Mariana (2022-02-01). "Novo ensino médio começa a ser implementado este ano". Agência Brasil. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  8. ↑ Silva, Monica (2015-07-29). "Pesquisadoras "conversam" com PL 6.840 de reforma do Ensino Médio". Observatório do Ensino Médio. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  9. ↑ "PL 6840/2013". Federal Government of Brazil. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  10. ↑ Antunes, André (2014-02-21). "Projeto de lei que altera o ensino médio é alvo de críticas de educadores". EPSJV. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  11. ↑ "Inglês no Novo Ensino Médio: as principais dúvidas sobre essa disciplina obrigatória". ClipEscola. 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  12. ↑ "A Língua Inglesa na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)". British Council. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  13. ↑ "Base Nacional Comum Curricular" (PDF). BNCC. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  14. ↑ Galvão, William (2016-09-30). "A controversa reforma do ensino médio". Visão Oeste. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  15. ↑ Abdalla, Sharon; Dreschsel, Denise (2016-09-22). "Proposta de reforma do ensino médio divide especialistas; saiba o que muda". Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  16. 1 2 "Estudantes se reúnem para protestar contra reforma do ensino médio". G1. 2016-10-09. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  17. ↑ Montesanti, Beatriz (2016-09-24). "Como é a reforma do ensino médio e quais são as críticas a ela". Nexo. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  18. ↑ "Reforma do Ensino Médio é um retorno piorado à década de 90". Unisinos. 2017-02-10. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  19. ↑ "Projeto de Lei n° 2579, de 2019". Federal Senate. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  20. ↑ "Estudantes protestam contra Novo Ensino Médio pelo país". Poder360. 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  21. ↑ Avancini, Marta (2023-04-05). "NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO É EQUAÇÃO DE MUITAS VARIÁVEIS E AINDA SEM SOLUÇÃO". UOL. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  22. ↑ "Ministério da Educação anuncia cronograma de implementação do Novo Ensino Médio". G1. 2021-07-14. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  23. ↑ "Enem: MEC anuncia novo modelo e exame será totalmente alinhado com novo ensino médio a partir de 2024". Extra. 2021-07-14. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  24. ↑ "Reforma do ensino médio e Enem: O que muda a partir de agora?". Terra. 2023-04-03. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.