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South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated population of just over 56,500 people (2022), who live in an area of 3,900 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi), on the south side of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, with 33,000 living in the capital city, Tskhinvali. Only Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria recognise South Ossetia as a sovereign state. Although Georgia does not control South Ossetia, the Georgian government and the United Nations consider the territory part of Georgia.
The Georgian–Ossetian conflict is an ethno-political conflict over Georgia's former autonomous region of South Ossetia, which evolved in 1989 and developed into a war. Despite a declared ceasefire and numerous peace efforts, the conflict remained unresolved. In August 2008, military tensions and clashes between Georgia and South Ossetian separatists erupted into the Russo-Georgian War. Since then, South Ossetia has been under Russian occupation.
South Ossetia, a mostly unrecognized republic in the South Caucasus, formerly the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic with its capital in Tskhinvali, held a referendum on independence on November 12, 2006.
Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on November 12, 2006, coinciding with the South Ossetian independence referendum. Incumbent Eduard Kokoity was seeking a second full five-year term. He was re-elected with more than 98.1%. According to the de facto authorities, the election was monitored by a team of 34 international observers from Germany, Austria, Poland, Sweden and other countries at 78 polling stations. The Ukrainian delegation was led by Nataliya Vitrenko of the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine. The election process was criticised by local civic society and the results were likely to be inflated.
The Communist Party of South Ossetia is a communist party in South Ossetia. The party was founded in 1993. As of 2004, the party claimed a membership of 1,500. The party seeks recognition of the Republic of South Ossetia, which is considered by most countries as part of Georgia
Dmitry Ivanovich Sanakoyev is a South Ossetian and Georgian politician, a former official in the secessionist government of South Ossetia and later, from 2007 to 2022, served as the Head of the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia, a rival entity established in the Georgian-controlled territories in the South Ossetia region by the Georgian government.
Russia–South Ossetia relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Russia and the Republic of South Ossetia, a disputed region in the South Caucasus, located on the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
The Parliament of South Ossetia is the unicameral legislature of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia. The 34 members of parliament are elected using a mixed system of Party-list proportional representation (17) and single-member districts (17). South Ossetia has a multi-party system, and currently 5 political parties are represented in parliament and has 6 independent MPs elected through single-member districts. The parliament is headed by a speaker, who is elected from among the members. Since 15 september 2022 the speaker of parliament is Alan Alborov, one of the four deputees of the Nykhaz party of president Alan Gagloev, after Alan Tadtaev of United Ossetia was forced to resign.
Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on 13 November 2011. A referendum was held on the same day. A run-off was held on 27 November, but the result were invalidated by the Supreme Court of South Ossetia. A new election was scheduled for 25 March 2012.
Leonid Kharitonovich Tibilov is a South Ossetian politician who served as the President of South Ossetia from 2012 to 2017 after winning the 2012 South Ossetian presidential election.
Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on 9 April 2017 alongside a referendum on changing the official name of the state to "Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania", or "South Ossetia–Alania" for short. Incumbent President Leonid Tibilov ran for a second and final term in office, but was defeated by Anatoly Bibilov of the United Ossetia party.
A referendum on changing the territory's name was held in South Ossetia on 9 April 2017, alongside presidential elections. It was approved by 79.53%. The constitution will be amended to denominate the formal name of the country from "Republic of South Ossetia" to "Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania", referencing Alania, a state built by the Alan people. Modern Ossetians are descended from the Alans, although the name Ossetian is of Georgian origin.
Presidential elections were held in the disputed territory of South Ossetia on 10 April 2022. As none of the presidential nominees obtained at least 50% of the votes, a runoff was held on 8 May 2022, between the top two candidates, Alan Gagloyev and incumbent president Anatoly Bibilov.
South Ossetia is a partially recognized and Russian-occupied separatist state internationally recognized as part of Georgia. It is mainly inhabited by Ossetians, an ethnic group also dominant in North Ossetia, which is part of Russia. South Ossetia separated itself from Georgia following the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War with the help of Russia, remaining ever since as a state closely allied with this country.
Nykhaz is a political party in South Ossetia founded in 2013 by supporters of Independent president Leonid Tibilov.
David Georgievich Sanakoev is a South Ossetian political and public figure. He has served as chairman of two different South Ossetian political parties and as President Leonid Tibilov's Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Vladimir Kelekhsaev is a South Ossetian politician. He has served as the chairman of the political party Unity of the People since its creation. Although not Russophobic, he, and Unity of the People, are Russoskeptic, believing Russian interest in South Ossetia as simply a means to control the small de facto independent republic. He promotes a policy of economic independence and pragmatic foreign policy.
Vyacheslav Gobozov is a South Ossetian politician who has been the Chairman of the Fatherland Socialist Party since its inception for the 2009 South Ossetian parliamentary election. He is one of the leading figures in the South Ossetian anti-Russian opposition. However, he is also a staunch Ossetian nationalist and supports the Republic's independence and maintains a pragmatic approach to when and where to oppose and accept Russian support.
Parliamentary elections were held in South Ossetia on 12 May 1999. They were the third elections in the then unrecognized state since its de facto independence following the First South Ossetia War and the first elections after the territory became a semi-presidential republic with a new constitution ratified on 27 November 1996. Prior to this, South Ossetia had no executive branch of government, and the Speaker of Parliament was the head of state.
Alanian Union was a minor political party that existed in the partially recognized Caucasian republic of South Ossetia following the 2017 South Ossetian presidential election to its merger into Nykhaz for the 2019 South Ossetian parliamentary election.
References
- ↑ "Tensions Rise In Georgia's Breakaway Regions". Eurasianet . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- 1 2 "Explainer: Elections in S.Ossetia". Civil Georgia . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ "Ex-presidential candidate sets up new party in South Ossetia". TASS . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ "Freedom in the World 2015 - South Ossetia". www.refworld.org. Freedom House . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- 1 2 Tarkhanova, Zhanna. "South Ossetia opposition unites around new leader, former KGB officer". jam-news.net. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ "Political parties in South Ossetia are for maximum integration with Russia". cominf.org. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ Fuller, Liz. "'Integration' With Russia Rives South Ossetia's Political Scene". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ Liz, Fuller. "Is South Ossetia Heading For Political Crisis?". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ "Ruling party loses majority in South Ossetian parliament". OC Media . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ "South Ossetia". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ Tarkhanova, Zhanna. "South Ossetia elects new parliament on June 9 – who's running, what to know". jam-news.net. Retrieved 8 March 2023.