Nyamamba and Mbogi mass graves

Last updated
Nyamamba and Mbogi mass graves
Part of Ituri conflict
LocationNyamamba and Mbogi, Ituri province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
DateJanuary 14–15, 2023
Deaths49 killed
  • 42 in Nyamamba
  • 7 in Mbogi
Perpetrator CODECO (per MONUSCO)
Zaire-FPAC (per CODECO)
MotiveKilling of a Lendu schoolteacher

On January 19, 2023, the United Nations investigators discovered the bodies of forty-two civilians in the village of Nyamamba, Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and seven bodies in the village of Mbogi, in the same province. The victims were killed over the weekend by suspected CODECO between January 14 and 15.

Contents

Background

CODECO is a loose-knit alliance of Lendu militias in Ituri province, that has been fighting against the Congolese government and Hema militias since the start of the Ituri conflict. [1] In February 2022, the group killed dozens of civilians in a refugee camp in Plaine Savo. [1] Between December 2022 and the start of the Nyamamba attacks, over a hundred civilians had been killed in Ituri. [2]

In mid-January, CODECO sought revenge for an attack on a Lendu teacher by the newly established Zaire militia, a rival to CODECO. [3] [4]

Massacres

Reports emerged of attacks by CODECO on villages near Bunia during the weekend of January 14–15, 2023, prompting MONUSCO to dispatch a patrol to the area. [3] When the peacekeepers arrived at the village of Nyabamba, they discovered the recently buried bodies of forty-two civilians. [5] Seven civilians were buried in the village of Mbogi, located thirty kilometers away. [5] [6] In the Nyabamba graves, twelve women and six children were among the victims. [5] The Mbogi graves consisted of seven men. [6]

Aftermath

Protests erupted across Ituri against MONUSCO following the attacks, as civilians saw the peacekeepers as not protecting them from CODECO. [7] In Goma, demonstrators protested against the East African Command for their inability to defend civilians against CODECO as well. [8] In Bunia, the city protested by holding a "dead city" for three days. [8] CODECO accused Zaire-FPAC of the massacres. [3]

On January 20, CODECO attacked the Plaine Savo camp and killed seven people, including five children. [1] Refugees in the camp then protested at the nearby MONUSCO base. [1]

Related Research Articles

The earliest known human settlements in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been dated back to the Middle Stone Age, approximately 90,000 years ago. The first real states, such as the Kongo, the Lunda, the Luba and Kuba, appeared south of the equatorial forest on the savannah from the 14th century onwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MONUSCO</span> UN peacekeeping force in Democratic Republic of the Congo

The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or MONUSCO, an acronym based on its French name Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en République démocratique du Congo, is a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which was established by the United Nations Security Council in resolutions 1279 (1999) and 1291 (2000) to monitor the peace process of the Second Congo War, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the Ituri conflict, the Kivu conflict and the Dongo conflict. The mission was known as the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo or MONUC, an acronym of its French name Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en République démocratique du Congo, until 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nationalist and Integrationist Front</span>

The Nationalist and Integrationist Front is a rebel group active in the Ituri conflict in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo, associated with the Lendu ethnic group. The FNI has fought against ethnic Hema and is blamed for the ambush and murder of nine United Nations peacekeepers near the town of Kafe in February 2005. FNI political leader Floribert Ndjabu was arrested by Congolese authorities, while military head Etienne Lona turned himself in.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ituri conflict</span> Subconflict of the Second Congo War

The Ituri conflict is an ongoing low intensity asymmetrical conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the two groups had fought since as early as 1972, the name 'Ituri conflict' refers to the period of intense violence between 1999 and 2003. Armed conflict continues to the present day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Artemis</span>

Operation Artemis, formally European Union Force Democratic Republic of the Congo (EUFOR), was a short-term European Union-led UN-authorised military mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Ituri conflict. ARTEMIS is considered the first military operation led by the EU, the first autonomous EU operation, the first rapid response mission of the EU, first operation outside Europe, first operation applying the principle of the framework nation and first example of "relay operation", conducted in cooperation between the EU and the United Nations. The deployment of EUFOR troops quickly decreased the conflict's intensity. It marked the first autonomous EU military mission outside Europe and an important milestone in development of the European Security and Defence Policy.

Congolese history in the 2000s has primarily revolved around the Second Congo War (1998–2003) and the empowerment of a transitional government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri</span> Political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri is a Bunia-based armed militia and political party primarily active in the south of the Ituri Province of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The assault on Bogoro, which occurred on February 24, 2003, was an attack on the village of Bogoro in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) by the Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI) and the Front for Patriotic Resistance of Ituri (FRPI). The attackers allegedly went on an "indiscriminate killing spree", killing at least 200 civilians, imprisoning survivors in a room filled with corpses, and sexually enslaving women and girls. Two rebel leaders, Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, have been charged by the International Criminal Court with war crimes and crimes against humanity over their alleged role in planning the attack.

<i>The Peacekeepers</i> (film) 2005 Canadian film

The Peacekeepers is a 2005 documentary film directed by Paul Cowan, following the United Nations mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 2002 and 2004. The film portrays the attempts of UN Peacekeepers to avert a crisis similar to Rwanda in 1994. The film mixes footage from the actual conflict with that of UN officials behind the lines, to give a comprehensive portrayal of the conflict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</span> Islamist insurgency in the DR Congo and Uganda

The Allied Democratic Forces insurgency is an ongoing conflict waged by the Allied Democratic Forces in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, against the governments of those two countries and the MONUSCO. The insurgency began in 1996, intensifying in 2013, resulting in hundreds of deaths. The ADF is known to currently control a number of hidden camps which are home to about 2,000 people; in these camps, the ADF operates as a proto-state with "an internal security service, a prison, health clinics, and an orphanage" as well as schools for boys and girls.

Cobra Matata is a former leader of the Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI) and Popular Front for Justice in Congo (FPJC) militias active in the Ituri conflict in the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was previously a member of the D.R. Congo armed forces (FARDC), having integrated in 2007 before deserting to reconstitute a rebel group in 2010. In November 2006, Matata had agreed to disarm in exchange for amnesty. In the FARDC, Matata attained the rank of colonel or general. The International Criminal Court classified Matata as Ngiti.

The 2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks were a series of attacks which took place in 2020. The attacks were mostly carried out by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a radical Islamist rebel group and the Cooperative for the Development of Congo (CODECO), an agricultural and religious group made up of ethnic Lendu people. The attacks left at least 1,316 people dead and 132 injured.

Md Muhsin Alam, ndc, psc, is a Brigadier General in Bangladesh Army. He was the Principal of BKSP in 2012 and served there for two years. He also served as Colonel GS and Deputy Director General of DGFI. Brigadier General Md Muhsin Alam, ndc, psc commanded two infantry battalions of the Bangladesh Army. He also served as Brigade Commander of an Infantry Brigade. The Brigadier was the pioneer Brigade Commander of the only Para Commando Brigade of the Bangladesh Army. In 2019, on behalf of the Para Commando Brigade, Brigadier General Muhsin received the raising flag from the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina. This entitles him to a flag officer. He served at D R Congo as the Northern Sector Commander of MONUSCO.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CODECO</span>

CODECO is a loose association of various Lendu militia groups operating within the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The name is an abbreviation of the group's lesser-known full name, the Cooperative for Development of the Congo, sometimes also styled the Congo Economic Development Cooperative.

Attacks were carried out by various armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2021 and 2022. The attacks have killed 629 and injured 321. At least 82 perpetrators were also killed and one injured in these attacks.

On 2 February 2022, over 60 civilians from the Hema ethnic group were killed in a massacre in Djugu territory, Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Events of the year 2022 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-MONUSCO protests</span> Protests against MONUSCO

In late July 2022, anti-MONUSCO protests manifested in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The protests were against MONUSCO, the United Nations' peacekeeping force in the country, which has been accused by Congolese politicians and civilians of failing to take action to end the decades-old conflict within the country. The protestors demanded that MONUSCO leave the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Battle of Kitshanga</span>

Between January 24 and 26, 2023, M23 rebels and FARDC soldiers fought over the city of Kitshanga. The battle was part of the renewed M23 offensive, and ended on January 26 with M23 forces capturing the city. Civilians accused both M23 and FARDC-aligned militias of war crimes during and after the battle.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 AFP, Staff Writer With (2023-01-20). "DRC Militia Kills 7, Sparks Backlash Against UN Peacekeepers". The Defense Post. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  2. ↑ "DR Congo emergency". UNHCR US. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  3. 1 2 3 "Dozens of bodies found in mass graves in DR Congo". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  4. ↑ "RDC-Ituri: Le groupe Zaïre/FPAC se transforme de plus en plus en un groupe armé organisé, avec un réseau de trafic d'armes en provenance d'Ouganda". Actualite.cd (in French). 2023-01-03. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  5. 1 2 3 "Mass graves found in eastern DR Congo: UN". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  6. 1 2 "UN peacekeepers find mass graves in eastern Congo". Reuters. January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  7. ↑ Serwat, Ladd (2023-02-03). "Regional Overview: Africa | January 2023". ACLED. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  8. 1 2 "Est de la RDC: une manifestation contre la force régionale violemment réprimée". Actualite.cd (in French). 2023-01-18. Retrieved 2024-01-17.


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