Officialese

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Officialese, bureaucratese, [1] [2] or governmentese is language that sounds official. [3] It is the "language of officialdom". [4] Officialese is characterized by a preference for wordy, long sentences; complex words, code words, or buzzwords over simple, traditional ones; vagueness over directness; and passive over active voice [3] [5] (some of those elements may, however, vary between different times and languages [6] ). The history of officialese can be traced to the history of officialdom, as far back as the eldest human civilizations and their surviving official writings. [7]

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Officialese is meant to impress the listener (or reader) and increase the authority (more than the social status) of the user, making them appear more professional. [3] [4] Ernest Gowers noted that officialese also allows the user to remain vague. [3] It can be used to make oneself understood to insiders while being hard to decipher by those unfamiliar with the jargon and subtexts used. [8] Its use is known to put off members of the general public and reduce their interest in the material presented. [9] Officialese has been criticized as making one's speech or prose "stilted, convoluted, and sometimes even indecipherable"; [3] or simply as the "cancer of language". [2] It is thus more pejoratively classified as one of the types of gobbledygook. [1] [10] Its use can also result in unintended humorous incidents, and has been often satirized. [3]

Several similar concepts to officialese exist, including genteelism, commercialese , academese , and journalese . [3] The existence of officialese has been recognized by a number of organizations, which have made attempts to curtail its use in favour of plain language. [10] [7] [11]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 Olivia Stockard (8 June 2011). The Write Approach: Techniques for Effective Business Writing. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 62. ISBN   978-0-85724-831-2 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  2. 1 2 V.S. Gupta (1 January 2003). Handbook Of Reporting And Communication Skills. Concept Publishing Company. p. 8. ISBN   978-81-8069-043-3 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bryan A. Garner; Ruth Bader Ginsburg (31 March 2009). "Genteelisms, Officialese, and Commercialese". Garner on Language and Writing . American Bar Association. pp. 88–94. ISBN   978-1-60442-445-4 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  4. 1 2 Bryan A. Garner (17 May 2001). A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage . Oxford University Press. p.  615. ISBN   978-0-19-514236-5 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  5. ↑ Bryan A. Garner (28 July 2009). "Formal Words". Garner's Modern American Usage (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 370–71. ISBN   978-0-19-987462-0 . Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  6. ↑ J. Renkema (2004). Introduction to Discourse Studies. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 152. ISBN   978-1-58811-530-0 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  7. 1 2 Steven Roger Fischer (3 October 2004). History of Language. Reaktion Books. p. 193. ISBN   978-1-86189-080-1 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  8. ↑ Barbara Czarniawska (15 April 1997). Narrating the Organization: Dramas of Institutional Identity. University of Chicago Press. p. 152. ISBN   978-0-226-13229-7 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  9. ↑ Talke Klara Hoppmann (18 March 2010). Citizen Perceptions of the European Union: The Impact of the Eu Web Site. Cambria Press. p. 411. ISBN   978-1-60497-675-5 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  10. 1 2 Martin Manser (28 August 2011). Good Word Guide: The fast way to correct English - spelling, punctuation, grammar and usage. A&C Black. p. 451. ISBN   978-1-4081-2332-4 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  11. ↑ Christopher Williams (30 June 2007). Tradition and Change in Legal English: Verbal Constructions in Prescriptive Texts. Peter Lang. p. 177. ISBN   978-3-03911-444-3 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
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