Onin Peninsula

Last updated
Onin Peninsula
Native name:
Semenanjung Onin
Nickname: Jazirah Onim
Indonesia Western New Guinea location map.png
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Onin Peninsula
Onin Peninsula in Western New Guinea
Indonesia location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Onin Peninsula
Onin Peninsula in Indonesia
Geography
Coordinates 02°49′54.84″S132°5′5.82″E / 2.8319000°S 132.0849500°E / -2.8319000; 132.0849500
Adjacent to Seram Sea
Bintuni Bay
Administration
ProvinceFlag of West Papua (vectorised).svg  West Papua
Regency Fakfak
Largest settlement Fakfak
Demographics
Languages Onin language
Additional information
Time zone

The Onin Peninsula is a peninsula that forms part of the larger Bomberai Peninsula in the Fakfak Regency in West Papua. The Onin language is named after this peninsula.

Contents

Etymology

The Onin Peninsula is considered by some historians to be the place mentioned as "Wanin" in the Negarakertagama manuscript. [1] [2]

Ikang sakasanusasanusa Makasar Butun Banggawai Kuni Ggaliyao mwang i [ng] Salaya Sumba Solot Muar muwah tigang i Wandan Ambwan athawa Maloko Ewanin ri Sran ini Timur ning angeka nusatutur. [3]

One example of the use of Wanin as a local place name can be found in local Onim songs and local poetry in Wersar Village, Teminabuan, South Sorong Regency as follows:

Wndindi wdo wska wana Wanin woro are wdo whriak naima afaaf vein eeehhh. [4]

In English: Hopefully the lightning will bring change, so that the weather in Wanin (Onin) will be fine, so that we can sail across to Wanin (Onin).

The mention of the name "Wanin" as it changed to "Onin" became one of the oldest local indigenous names referring to the region on the island of Papua, on the opposite coast of the southern Doberai Peninsula, namely the northern coast of Bomberai Peninsula. [1] Based on the notes of Rumphius, Ternate people also call "Onin" by the name Woni. [2]

History

Another relationship that possibly shows the connection between Kondjol/Onim and the island of Java is the ownership of the clan's heirloom that resembles keris and the statue of Buddha, each Tehit clan usually has secret heirlooms called Qya-trifan used as symbol of the clan and believed to explain the clan's origin. [5] In this case Kondjol/Onim clan believed they were descendant of ancient migrants from Java, as explained in their local legends below:

There was an ancestor named Onain who fled from Java because of the Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic war to Bali. He kept the keris and the Buddha statue and fled to Ternate and arrived in the afternoon. In the evening, the Onain clan were well received by the Anggiluli clan and the next day they made a common house for each. Then there was another war so that the Anggiluli clan and Onain clan fled to the island of Papua. They know this because they once hunted birds of paradise. Then they said goodbye to the Sultan and left in the morning, when night fell, they lost each other because it was dark. The Anggiluli clan went to Ega Island, where they found an island resembling the letter 'O' so it was named Onin. Meanwhile, the Onain clan went to an island that resembles a 'kopiah', so they named this island with the Tidorean word for this hat, namely: Kowiai. [Catatan 1] [6] [7]

Kondjol/Onim clan also knows the figure called 'Raja Angguok', where he is considered to have played an active role in the spread of Christianity in Teminabuan, Ayamaru, Aitinyo, and Aifat. According to the notes of the Dutch civil officer, Dumas, on the Memorandum for the Afdeeling West New Guinea (1911), Angguok was the Dutch intermediary with the Papuans around the Kaibus River. There are many local songs that tell the story of Angguok's journey as a hero from the Kaibus River to the Seremuk River. He was a strong man who ruled over the coastal area from Inanwatan to Cape Sele. He was also a known slaver who captured slaves to be sold to the kingdoms in the Onin Peninsula or to the Salawati Kingdom in Raja Ampat Islands. [8]

Traditional kingdoms

In the Onin Peninsula there are three primary traditional kingdoms (petuanan), Fatagar Kingdom of the Uswanas clan, Atiati Kingdom of the Kerewaindżai clan, and the Rumbati Kingdom of the Bauw clan. Atiati founder (Mnau) and Rumbati founder (Nawa-nawa Bauw) were brothers, sons of Bau, believed to be a Javanese sailor from Gresik who married an Anggiluli woman and a Koiwai woman. [9] Initially, the centers of power of the three kingdoms were located side by side at the western tip of the Onin Peninsula, but because of the war that arose between the Rumbati kingdom on one side and the Fatagar kingdom and the Atiati kingdom on the other side in 1878. So the Fatagar kingdom and the Atiati kingdom moved their center of power to Ega Island. Some time later another dispute occurred between king Fatagar and king Atiati, caused king Atiati to move the center of his power to a place on the mainland coast of the Onin Peninsula, which was later called Atiati, is located opposite Ega Island. Meanwhile, because of the dispute, king Fatagar moved the center of his power to a place called Merapi, located east of the present town of Fakfak. [10]

Apart from the three kingdoms mentioned above, there were also several other kingdoms, namely kingdoms which were originally under the rule of the Rumbati kingdom, but then succeeded in gaining recognition as a separate kingdom, especially during the early days of pax neerlandica in 1898.

Notes

  1. ↑ The source writes Kowiai, possibly referring to Namatota Island. The original name was Kob'jai (Kobiyai) which was later known to Seram traders as Kowiai. It was the capital of Namatota Kingdom, and current Kampung Namatota.

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References

  1. 1 2 Mansoben, Johszua Robert (1995). Sistem Politik Tradisional Di Irian Jaya. Jakarta: LIPI - RUL 1995. p. 69. ISBN   979-8258-06-1.
  2. 1 2 Fraassen, Ch. F. Van (1976). "DRIE PLAATSNAMEN UIT OOST-INDONESIË IN DE NAGARA-KERTAGAMA: GALIYAO, MUAR EN WWANIN EN DE VROEGE HANDELS-GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE AMBONSE EILANDEN". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. [Brill, KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies]. 132 (2/3): 293–305. ISSN   0006-2294. JSTOR   27863057 . Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  3. ↑ Mashad, Dhurorudin. Muslim Papua: Membangung Harmoni Berdasar Sejarah Agama di Bumi Cendrawasih (in Indonesian). Pustaka Al-Kautsar.
  4. ↑ Martin Slama and Jenny Munro, ed. (2015). From 'Stone Age' to 'Real Time' Exploring Papuan Temporalities, Mobilities, and Religiosities. Canberra: Australian National University Press. p. 110. ISBN   978-1-925022-43-8.
  5. ↑ Flassy, Marlina (2020-06-09). "Membangun Jati Diri Suku Tehit Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Papua Barat". CENDERAWASIH: Jurnal Antropologi Papua. Universitas Cenderawasih. 1 (1): 1–7. doi: 10.31957/jap.v1i1.1377 . ISSN   2774-552X.
  6. ↑ Martin Slama and Jenny Munro, ed. (2015). From 'Stone Age' to 'Real Time' Exploring Papuan Temporalities, Mobilities, and Religiosities. Canberra: Australian National University Press. p. 112. ISBN   978-1-925022-43-8.
  7. ↑ Mawara, Agustinus (2021-12-31). "PULAU MIWARA PUSAT NIAGA MASA LAMPAU: Tinjauan Sejarah Perdagangan Tradisional di Teluk Triton". Kebudayaan. Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan (Kemendikbud). 16 (2). doi: 10.24832/jk.v16i2.379 . ISSN   2685-8088.
  8. ↑ Martin Slama and Jenny Munro, ed. (2015). From 'Stone Age' to 'Real Time' Exploring Papuan Temporalities, Mobilities, and Religiosities. Canberra: Australian National University Press. p. 111. ISBN   978-1-925022-43-8.
  9. ↑ "SEJARAH SINGKAT KERAJAAN RUMBATI DI TANAH PAPUA". Manfasramdi. 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
  10. ↑ Maga, Anwar (2018-02-14). "Kerajaan Atiati Fakfak memiliki raja baru". ANTARA News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  11. ↑ "Mengenal Pertuanan Arguni di Fakfak, Papua Barat, yang Dipimpin oleh Raja". kumparan (in Indonesian). 2020-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
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