A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873). In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008. The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented. Other sources for such data include Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Elsevier's Scopus, and the National Institutes of Health's iCite.
Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers 36,377 titles from 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences. It covers three types of sources: book series, journals, and trade journals. Scopus also allows patent searches in a dedicated patent database Lexis-Nexis, albeit with a limited functionality.
The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society. The editor-in-chief is Maarten Christenhusz. It was established in 1856 as the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology and renamed Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology in 1866. It obtained its current title in 1969.
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents.
The Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of information science published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Association for Information Science and Technology. The journal publishes original research and rapid communications, as well as book reviews and announcements of the association. Occasional special issues appear with contents focused on a single topic area.
American Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. The journal publishes articles of broad interest to psychologists, including empirical reports and scholarly reviews covering science, practice, education, and policy, and occasionally publishes special issues on relevant topics in the field of psychology. The editor-in-chief is Harris Cooper.
The Web of Science is a paid-access platform that provides access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines. Until 1997, it was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is currently owned by Clarivate.
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biotechnology applied to medicine, veterinary medicine, and diagnostics. Topics covered include the expression, extraction, purification, formulation, stability, and characterization of both natural and recombinant biological molecules. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The editors-in-chief are Gianfranco Gilardi and Jian-Jiang Zhong.
Open Theology is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by De Gruyter since 2015. It covers theology and religious studies. The editor-in-chief is Charles Taliaferro.
The Journal of Natural Products is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of research on the chemistry and/or biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds. It is co-published by the American Society of Pharmacognosy and the American Chemical Society. The editor-in-chief is Philip J. Proteau.
Water Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the science and technology of water quality and its management. It was established in 1967 and is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Water Association. The editor-in-chief is Eberhard Morgenroth.
The Singapore Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by World Scientific. The journal was established in 1956 as the Malayan Economic Review, obtaining its current name in 1969. It is the official journal of the Economic Society of Singapore. The journal covers economics in general, with an emphasis on economic issues in Asia. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.315.
IEEE Access is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It was established in 2013 and covers all IEEE fields of interest. The founding editor-in-chief was Michael Pecht and the current editor-in-chief is Derek Abbott. The journal won a PROSE Award in 2015 for the best new journal in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Photosynthetica is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on photosynthesis. It was established in 1967 and is published by the Institute of Experimental Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The editor-in-chief is Helena Synkova. Up till 2019, the journal was published by Springer Science+Business Media.
Sustainability is a peer-reviewed open-access academic journal published by MDPI. It covers all aspects of sustainability studies. In September 2021 the journal was among the initial 13 journals included in the official Norwegian list of possibly predatory journals, known as level X. In 2022 the Norwegian national publication committee and Finnish Publication Forum determined that Sustainability is not an academic journal and removed it from the register of approved journals starting from 2023. The journal is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals.
Comunicar is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering research on education, communication, and social sciences. Articles are published in Spanish and English and have abstracts in Chinese and Portuguese. The journal was established in 1993 and is published by Grupo Comunicar. Since 2016 it is published quarterly. Its editor-in-chief is Ignacio Aguaded. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.212.
The Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology is a peer-reviewed platinum open-access scientific journal covering all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It is published by the Beilstein Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Sciences and the editor-in-chief is Thomas Schimmel. The journal was established in 2010.
Taxon is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering plant taxonomy. It is published by Wiley on behalf of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy, of which it is the official journal. It was established in 1952 and is the only place where nomenclature proposals and motions to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants can be published. The editor-in-chief is Dirk C. Albach.
The Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers astronomical instruments and its various components being proposed, developed, under construction, and in use. The journal focuses on astronomical instrumentation topics in all wavebands and includes the disciplines of heliophysics, space weather, lunar and planetary science, exoplanet exploration, and astroparticle observation. It was established in 2012 and is published by World Scientific. The journal occasionally publishes thematic issues on specific topics or projects.
Biologia Plantarum is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering experimental botany. It was established in 1959 by the Czech plant physiologist Bohumil Němec. It is published by the Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences. The journal was distributed by Springer Science+Business Media until 2018.
