Parthenium

Last updated

Parthenium
Starr 050423-6650 Parthenium hysterophorus.jpg
Parthenium hysterophorus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Parthenium
L.
Type species
Parthenium hysterophorus [1] [2]
L.
Synonyms [3]
  • ArgyrochaetaCav.
  • BolophytaNutt.
  • EchetrosisPhil.
  • HysterophorusVaill.
  • PartheniastrumFabr.
  • Villanova Ortega

Parthenium is a genus of North American annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, and shrubs in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae and subfamily Asteroideae. [4] [2] [3] [5]

Contents

The name Parthenium is an evolution of the Ancient Greek name παρθένιον (parthenion), which referred to Tanacetum parthenium . [6] [7] [8] The name is possibly derived from the Greek word παρθένος (parthenos) which means "virgin". [5]

Members of the genus are commonly known as feverfew. [9] Notable species include guayule ( P. argentatum ) which has been used as a rubber substitute, especially during the Second World War; [10] and also P. hysterophorus , a serious invasive species in the Old World. [11]

Species

These include: [3]

Importance

In North America, the Jicarilla Apache people used Parthenium incanum for medicine (Opler 1946: 8). The sap of guayule ( P. argentatum ) is a source of natural rubber. [12] Parthenium hysterophorus is a common invasive species in India, Australia, and parts of Africa. Its pollen can cause allergies and the sap is toxic.

Parthenium hysterophorus in Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Parthenium infestation in Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary.JPG
Parthenium hysterophorus in Achanakmar Tiger Reserve

Related Research Articles

<i>Bahia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Bahia is a small genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The common name is also bahia. It is named in honor of the Spanish botanist Juan Francisco Bahí (1775–1841).

<i>Parthenium argentatum</i> Species of plant in the Asteraceae family native to the southwestern United States and Mexico

Parthenium argentatum, commonly known as the guayule, is a perennial woody shrub in the family Asteraceae that is native to the rangeland area of the Chihuahuan Desert; including the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It was first documented by J.M. Bigelow in 1852 through the Mexican Boundary Survey and was first described by Asa Gray. Natural rubber, ethanol, non-toxic adhesives, and other specialty chemicals can be extracted from guayule. An alternative source of latex that is hypoallergenic, unlike the normal Hevea rubber, can also be extracted. While Castilla elastica was the most widely used rubber source of Mesoamericans in pre-Columbian times, guayule was also used, though less frequently. The name "guayule" derives from the Nahuatl word ulli/olli, "rubber".

<i>Porophyllum</i>

Porophyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Tageteae within the family Asteraceae known commonly as the poreleaf genus.

<i>Hymenoxys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenoxys is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to North and South America. It was named by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in 1828.

<i>Thymophylla</i>

Thymophylla is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the tribe Tageteae within the family Asteraceae. Pricklyleaf is a common name for plants in this genus.

<i>Helianthella</i> Genus of flowering plants

Helianthella, the little sunflower, is a genus of North American plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Parthenium incanum</i> Species of flowering plant

Parthenium incanum, with the common names mariola and New Mexico rubber plant, is a plant in the genus Parthenium of the family Asteraceae.

<i>Chaetopappa</i> Genus of flowering plants

Chaetopappa is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae which are known generally as leastdaisies.

<i>Psilostrophe</i> Genus of plants

Psilostrophe, the paperflowers is a genus of North American plants in the sneezeweed tribe within the sunflower family.

Phanerostylis is a genus of Mexican plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

<i>Zaluzania</i> Genus of flowering plants

Zaluzania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Sartwellia</i>

Sartwellia is a genus of North American flowering plants in the tribe Tageteae within the family Asteraceae. The common name is glowwort. The genus was named for American botanist Henry Parker Sartwell.

<i>Jefea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Jefea is a genus of North American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. These are shrubs up to 200 cm tall, with yellow or orange flower heads containing both ray and disc flowers.

<i>Pinaropappus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Pinaropappus, common name rocklettuce, is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae, native to Mesoamerica and the southwestern United States.

<i>Chrysactinia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Chrysactinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico and to the southwestern United States.

<i>Tridens</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Tridens is a genus of perennial grasses in the family Poaceae native to the Americas.

Chondrosum is a genus of North American and South American plants in the grass family.

Ageratina wrightii is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Chaetopappa bellioides, called the pretty lazy daisy, or manyflower leastdaisy, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It native to northern Mexico and to the Rio Grande Valley in western and southern Texas.

<i>Chrysactinia mexicana</i> Species of plant in the family Asteraceae native to Mexico and the southwestern United States

Chrysactinia mexicana, common name Damianita daisy, is a species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico and to the southwestern United States. It has been found in Texas, New Mexico, Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México State, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz.

References

  1. lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. fl. n. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 464 (1913)
  2. 1 2 "Parthenium". Tropicos . Missouri Botanical Garden.
  3. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-12-27 at archive.today
  4. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 988 in Latin
  5. 1 2 Strother, John L. "Parthenium". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-08-09 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "παρθένιον". A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2019-07-03 via the Perseus Project.
  7. Dioscorides, Pedanius (2000). Materia Medica. Johannesburg, South Africa: Ibidis Press. p. 556.
  8. Dioscorides, Pedanius (1829). Sprengel, Curtius (ed.). De Materia Medica. Leipzig. p. 484.
  9. "Parthenium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  10. Ray, D.T. 1993. Guayule: A source of natural rubber. p. 338-343. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.
  11. "Parthenium hysterophorus (herb)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2010-10-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  12. Ray, Dennis T. (1993). J. Janick; J.E. Simon (eds.). "Guayule: A source of natural rubber". New crops. New York: Wiley: 338–343.

Further information