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Parthenocissus tricuspidata | |
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Foliage on a cultivated plant | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Vitales |
Family: | Vitaceae |
Genus: | Parthenocissus |
Species: | P. tricuspidata |
Binomial name | |
Parthenocissus tricuspidata | |
Synonyms | |
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Parthenocissus tricuspidata | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 爬牆虎 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 爬墙虎 | ||||||
Literal meaning | "wall-climbing tiger" | ||||||
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Japanese name | |||||||
Kanji | 蔦 | ||||||
Kana | ツタ | ||||||
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Parthenocissus tricuspidata is a flowering plant in the grape family (Vitaceae) native to eastern Asia in Korea,Japan,and northern and eastern China. Although unrelated to true ivy,it is commonly known as Boston ivy,grape ivy,and Japanese ivy,and also as Japanese creeper,and by the name woodbine (though the latter may refer to a number of different vine species). [1]
It is a deciduous woody vine growing to 30 m tall or more given suitable support,attaching itself by means of numerous small branched tendrils tipped with sticky disks. The leaves are simple,palmately lobed with three lobes,occasionally unlobed or with five lobes,or sufficiently deeply lobed to be palmately compound with (usually) three leaflets;the leaves range from 5 to 22 cm across. The flowers are inconspicuous,greenish,in clusters;the fruit is a small dark blue grape 5–10 mm diameter.
The specific epithet tricuspidata means three-pointed,referring to the leaf shape. [2]
Boston ivy is readily distinguished from the Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) by its simple leaves with pointed lobes (Virginia creeper leaves are divided into five separate leaflets).
P. tricuspidata uses adhesive pads to attach to surfaces,allowing it to climb vertically up trees,walls,and other structures. Contact with a surface signals the adhesive pads to secrete mucilage through microscopic pores which dries and creates a robust adhesive bond. [3] The ability of a single adhesive pad to support thousands of times their weight may be explored as a model for new biomimetic materials. [4]
In its native range,the vine has traditional medicinal uses (China,Korea) and as a culinary sweetener (Japan).
Both within and outside of East Asia,the plant is primarily used as an ornamental plant. Cultivars include 'Veitchii'. [5]
Like the related Virginia creeper,P. tricuspidata is widely grown to cover the façades of masonry buildings. This usage is actually economically important because,by shading walls during the summer,it can significantly reduce cooling costs.
While it does not penetrate the building surface but merely attaches to it,nevertheless surface damage (such as paint scar) can occur from attempting to rip the plant from the wall. However,if the plant is killed first,such as by severing the vine from the root,the adhesive pads will eventually deteriorate to the point where the plant can be easily removed from the wall.
In the U.S.,Boston ivy is used on the brick outfield walls at Wrigley Field of baseball's Chicago Cubs along with Japanese bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus).
Parthenocissus is derived from the Greek terms parthenos (παρθένος;"maidenly,chaste,virgin") and kissos (κισσός;"vine") and means approximately "virgin ivy" (hence the common name of the related "Virginia creeper"). Tricuspidata,meaning approximately "with three points",comes from the Greek and Latin prefix tri ("three") and the Latin cuspidata ("tipped,pointed"). [6]
In Mandarin Chinese,the plant goes by a number of names,most commonly páqiánghǔ (爬墙虎,lit. "wall-climbing tiger"),but also páshānhǔ (爬山虎,lit. "mountain-climbing tiger",also refers to Hedera helix ),dìjǐn (地錦,lit. "earth brocade",the name used in the Compendium of Materia Medica and the common name in Taiwan),tǔgǔténg (土鼓藤,lit. "dirt drum vine") and hóng pútáo téng (红葡萄藤,lit. "red grapevine").
In Taiwanese Hokkien,the vine also has several names,including chhiûⁿ-piah-tîn (牆壁藤,lit. "wall vine"),peh-soaⁿ-hó͘ (𬦰山虎,lit. "mountain-climbing tiger"),âng-koah (紅葛,lit. "red vine"),thô͘-kó͘-tîn (土鼓藤 lit. "dirt drum vine",a cognate with the Mandarin) and âng-kut-chôa [7] (紅骨蛇,lit. "red-boned snake",a name that refers to at least five other plants as well).
In Korean,the plant is called damjaeng'ideonggul (담쟁이덩굴) in reference to it growing on walls. In contexts of Korean traditional medicine,it is known as jigeum (지금/地錦, a cognate with the Mandarin Chinese dìjǐn from the Compendium of Materia Medica, as well as other names such as nakseok (낙석/絡石), jangchundeung (장춘등/長春藤), pasanho (파산호/爬山虎), naman (나만/蘿蔓) and yongninbyeongnyeo (용린벽려/龍鱗薜荔).
In Japanese, the vine is known usually as tsuta (蔦; つた;ツタ), but also as amazura (甘葛; あまづら; アマヅラ), lit. "sweet vine" [lower-alpha 1] natsuzuta (夏蔦; なつづた; ナツヅタ), or rarely jinishiki (地錦; じにしき;ジニシキ).
In Okinawan, the vine is called cita (蔦; つぃた), while in the Taiwanese indigenous language Paiwan it is tiyaroromao. [7]
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.
Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as eastern poison ivy or poison ivy, is an allergenic flowering plant that occurs in Asia and eastern North America. The species is well known for causing urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, an itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful rash, in most people who touch it. The rash is caused by urushiol, a clear liquid compound in the plant's sap. The species is variable in its appearance and habit, and despite its common name, it is not a true ivy (Hedera), but rather a member of the cashew and pistachio family (Anacardiaceae). T. radicans is commonly eaten by many animals and the seeds are consumed by birds, but poison ivy is most often thought of as an unwelcome weed. It is a different species from western poison ivy, T. rydbergii, which has similar effects.
An autonomous municipality or city, previously provincial city, is a de jure second-level administrative division unit in the Republic of China (Taiwan).
A county-administered city is a third-level administrative division in the Republic of China (Taiwan) below a county, which in turn is below of a province. Under the administrative structure of the ROC, it is at the same level as a township or a district. Such cities are under the jurisdiction of counties. It is also the lowest-level city in Taiwan, below a city and a special municipality. There are 14 county-administered cities currently under ROC control.
Ivy without qualifiers usually means plants in the genus Hedera in the family Araliaceae.
Hedera, commonly called ivy, is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan. Several species are cultivated as climbing ornamentals, and the name ivy especially denotes common ivy, known in North America as "English ivy", which is frequently planted to clothe brick walls.
Parthenocissus quinquefolia, known as Virginia creeper, Victoria creeper, five-leaved ivy, or five-finger, is a species of flowering vine in the grape family, Vitaceae. It is native to eastern and central North America, from southeastern Canada and the eastern United States west to Manitoba and Utah, and south to eastern Mexico and Guatemala.
Parthenocissus, is a genus of tendril climbing plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It contains about 12 species native to the Himalaya, eastern Asia and North America. Several are grown for ornamental use, notably P. henryana, P. quinquefolia and P. tricuspidata.
The free area of the Republic of China, also known as the "Taiwan Area of the Republic of China", the "Tai-Min Area " or simply the "Taiwan Area", is a term used by the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to refer to the territories under its actual control. As a legal term written in the Additional articles of the ROC constitution and Cross-Strait Act.
Parthenocissus inserta, also known as thicket creeper, false Virginia creeper, woodbine, or grape woodbine, is a woody vine native to North America, in southeastern Canada and a large area of the United States, from Maine west to Montana and south to New Jersey and Missouri in the east, and Texas to Arizona in the west. It is present in California, but it may be an introduced species that far west. It is introduced in Europe.
Japanese ivy may refer to:
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Parthenocissus dalzielii is a creeper related to the grapevine family. It is a native plant of East and South-east Asia.
Differing literary and colloquial readings for certain Chinese characters are a common feature of many Chinese varieties, and the reading distinctions for these linguistic doublets often typify a dialect group. Literary readings are usually used in loanwords, names, literary works, and in formal settings, while colloquial/vernacular readings are usually used in everyday vernacular speech.
Nippoptilia vitis is a moth of the family Pterophoridae, that is known from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China and Thailand.
The Wistaria Tea House, the Wisteria House, or Wistaria House is a historical teahouse in Daan District, Taipei, Taiwan. The establishment is situated in a Japanese-style wooden house built in the 1920s on Xinsheng South Road. The teahouse is named after the three wisteria vines planted in the front courtyard forming a shaded area leading to the entrance of the building. The teahouse, with its circa 1930s decor, was reopened to much fanfare after a long needed renovation in 2008.
Dendrocnide meyeniana or the poisonous wood nettle is a species of tree in the family Urticaceae, native to the thickets and secondary forests of Taiwan and the Philippines. The specific epithet meyeniana honors Franz Meyen, who collected the type specimen in Manila during his world cruise.
Ampelopsis glandulosa, with common names creeper, porcelain berry, Amur peppervine, and wild grape, is an ornamental plant, native to temperate areas of Asia including China, Japan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, and the Philippines. It is generally similar to, and potentially confused with, grape species and other Ampelopsis species.