Passacaglia (Godowsky)

Last updated

Passacaglia
by Leopold Godowsky
Ciaglinski Portret Leopolda Godowskiego 1911.jpg
Portrait of the composer at the piano by Polish painter Jan Ciągliński (1911)
Key B minor
OccasionOne-hundredth anniversary of Franz Schubert's death
Based onSchubert's Unfinished Symphony

Passacaglia is a solo piano composition by the composer Leopold Godowsky. It was completed in New York, on October 21, 1927. The composition commemorates the one hundredth anniversary of the death of Franz Schubert. [1] Typical of Godowsky's composition style, the piece contains dense contrapuntal, polyphonic, and chromatic writing.

Contents

Historical background

Godowsky remarked in the work's preface: [1]

"This composition, written on the eve of the hundredth anniversary of Franz Schubert's death, is my heartfelt tribute to this precious and prolific genius, who, despite his short and uneventful life, succeeded so admirably in translating our innermost emotions into music.

With the exception of Chopin, I know of no other composer whose lyricism have touched the heart of so many; whose melodies have become so thoroughly the treasured property of all civilized nations; whose tone-imageries have so sensitized and refined our poetic susceptibilities.

I will feel fully rewarded, should this contribution to the approaching commemoration prove to be worthy of the occasion."

Description of form

The opening bars of the passacaglia PassacgliaGodowsky.png
The opening bars of the passacaglia

The work is a passacaglia based on the first 8 measures of Schubert's Unfinished Symphony. The theme is stated exactly, but with an F# added at the start which aids in transition between the variations. There are forty-four variations, followed by an epilogue, a cadenza, and then closing with a four-part fugue, [1] [2] following the pattern established for this form by the likes of Bach (Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582) and Brahms (Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel). The writing makes stylistic references to Brahms himself (variations 31-35, 38 & 39), as well as Chopin (variations 9 & 27), Rachmaninoff (variations 19, 20 & 24), and others (Scarlatti, Ravel, and Richard Strauss). [3] In variation 39 there is an obvious reference to Schubert's Erlkönig . Schubert's Fantaisie in F minor (var.42) and the famous string ostinato that follows the opening of the original symphony (end of fugue) are quoted as well.

Reactions

The Passacaglia gained notoriety after pianist Vladimir Horowitz reportedly gave up on the piece, claiming that six hands were required to play it. [4] [5] Abram Chasins, who heard Godowsky perform this piece in one of his gatherings, remarked, "This was sheer enchantment, both the work itself and Godowsky's pianism. It had the cool, colorful clarity of a stained-glass window. Although I was greatly moved and impressed by what I heard, Godowsky's effortless mastery made me unaware of the vastness of his pianistic feat that night." [6]

Publication

The Passacaglia is currently copyrighted by Carl Fischer, Inc. [7] and is published within The Godowsky Collection, Vol. 1: Original Compositions for Piano Solo.

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Godowsky, Leopold. Passacaglia for the Pianoforte (PDF). New York: Carl Fischer. p. 1.
  2. International Piano Quarterly: IPQ. Gramophone Publications. 2001.
  3. Nicholas, Jeremy (2002). Liner notes for the recording by Marc-André Hamelin on Hyperion (CDA67300).
  4. Godowsky 1958 , p. 35
  5. Taylor 2018 , p.  185
  6. Rimm 2003 [ page needed ]
  7. Carl Fischer, Inc. can only assert copyright within the US, and that copyright will expire in 2024. In territories where copyright is determined by lifespan, Godowsky's works are in the public domain.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Franz Schmidt (composer)</span> Austrian composer, cellist and pianist

Franz Schmidt, also Ferenc Schmidt was an Austro-Hungarian composer, cellist and pianist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannes Brahms</span> German composer and pianist (1833–1897)

Johannes Brahms was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the "Three Bs" of music, a comment originally made by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von Bülow.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Czerny</span> Austrian composer, teacher and pianist (1791–1857)

Carl Czerny was an Austrian composer, teacher, and pianist of Czech origin whose music spanned the late Classical and early Romantic eras. His vast musical production amounted to over a thousand works and his books of studies for the piano are still widely used in piano teaching. He was one of Ludwig van Beethoven's best-known pupils and would later on be one of the main teachers of Franz Liszt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Passacaglia</span> Musical form written in triple metre

The passacaglia is a musical form that originated in early seventeenth-century Spain and is still used today by composers. It is usually of a serious character and is often based on a bass-ostinato and written in triple metre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosemary Brown (spiritualist)</span> English self-proclaimed medium

Rosemary Isabel Brown was an English composer, pianist and spirit medium who claimed that dead composers dictated new musical works to her. She created a small media sensation in the 1970s by presenting works purportedly dictated to her by Claude Debussy, Edvard Grieg, Franz Liszt, Franz Schubert, Frédéric Chopin, Igor Stravinsky, Johann Sebastian Bach, Johannes Brahms, Ludwig van Beethoven, Robert Schumann and Sergei Rachmaninoff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jorge Bolet</span> Cuban-born American concert pianist, conductor and teacher (1914 - 1990)

Jorge Bolet was a Cuban-born American concert pianist, conductor and teacher. Among his teachers were Leopold Godowsky, and Moriz Rosenthal – the latter an outstanding pupil of Franz Liszt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leopold Godowsky</span> Lithuanian-American pianist and composer (1870–1938)

Leopold Mordkhelovich Godowsky Sr. was a Lithuanian-born American virtuoso pianist, composer and teacher. He was one of the most highly regarded performers of his time, known for his theories concerning the application of relaxed weight and economy of motion within pianistic technique – principles later propagated by his pupils, such as Heinrich Neuhaus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marc-André Hamelin</span> Canadian pianist and composer

Marc-André Hamelin, OC, OQ is a Canadian virtuoso pianist and composer who has received 11 Grammy Award nominations. He is on the faculty of the New England Conservatory of Music.

In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve melody, rhythm, harmony, counterpoint, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Tausig</span> Polish pianist, arranger and composer (1841–1871)

Karl Tausig was a Polish virtuoso pianist, arranger and composer. He is generally regarded as Franz Liszt's most distinguished pupil and one of the greatest pianists of all time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)</span> 1822 incomplete symphony by Franz Schubert

Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759, commonly known as the Unfinished Symphony, is a musical composition that Schubert started in 1822 but left with only two movements—though he lived for another six years. A scherzo, nearly completed in piano score but with only two pages orchestrated, also survives.

Ronald James Stevenson was a Scottish composer, pianist, and writer about music.

D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major.

Sergio Fiorentino was a 20th-century Italian classical pianist whose sporadic performing career spanned five decades. There is quite a bit of footage of his playing that survives, in addition to audio recordings. Recently, a complete concert recorded on video in 1994 has surfaced.

<i>Studies on Chopins Études</i>

The Studies on Chopin's Études are a set of 53 arrangements of Chopin's études by Leopold Godowsky, composed between 1894 and 1914. They are renowned for their technical difficulty: critic Harold C. Schonberg called them "the most impossibly difficult things ever written for the piano." Several of the studies put the original right-hand part into the left hand; several others are for the left hand alone. Two of the studies even combine two études; the better known of these, called "Badinage," combines both the G.

Harold Morris was an American pianist, composer and educator.

Francesco Libetta is an Italian pianist, composer and conductor.

David Saperton (1889–1970) was an American pianist known especially for being the first pianist to play the entire original compositions as well as the complete transcriptions of his father-in-law, Leopold Godowsky. He also recorded a number of Godowsky’s Studies on Chopin's Études as well as other pieces. His students at the Curtis Institute of Music and later include Jacques Abram, Jeanne Behrend, Jorge Bolet, Shura Cherkassky, Sidney Foster, Julius Katchen, Seymour Lipkin, William Masselos, John Simms, Abbey Simon, Eleanor Sokoloff, Dorothy Wanderman, Alan Weiss, and Frances Ziffer. As a pianist he is regarded as a great dramatist, a sensitive poet, and superb colorist.

Carlo Grante is an Italian classical pianist. Born in L'Aquila and graduating from the National Academy of St Cecilia in Rome, he performs classical and contemporary classical music. His discography consists of more than 50 albums.

References