Passion fruit woodiness virus

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Passion fruit woodiness virus
Virus classification Red Pencil Icon.png
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Stelpaviricetes
Order: Patatavirales
Family: Potyviridae
Genus: Potyvirus
Species:
Passion fruit woodiness virus
Synonyms

Passiflora chlorotic spot virus [1]

Passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV) is a plant pathogenic virus [2] in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae . Like other members of the genus Potyvirus, PWV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 745 nm in length.

Contents

This virus is transmitted by at least two species of aphids (Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii [3] ) in a non-persistent manner and by mechanical inoculation. [4] There is no evidence that this virus is transmitted in the seed.

Like other potyviruses, this virus produces viral inclusions called cylindrical inclusions. [5] These inclusions can be diagnostic in Passiflora spp. (See #External links)

Symptoms

This virus was named for the symptoms seen in the fruit of infected P. edulis plants. The fruit can be distorted in appearance and the edible part of the fruit becomes thick and hard or “woody”. The virus induces a severe mosaic, with rugosity and chlorotic ringspots in the leaves of P. edulis. [6] Infected plants grow less vigorously and have a shorter life span than those without the virus infection.

Because of its effect on the fruit and plant growth, PWV is considered one of the most economically important of the many viruses that have been found infecting Passiflora spp. [7]

Geographic distribution and host range

PWV was first reported from Australia in 1964 infecting Passiflora edulis [8]

It has since been reported from Central America, Taiwan, South Africa, and Brazil and in at least 10 other Passiflora species including P. suberosa, P. subpeltata, P. aurantia and Passiflora foetida . In 2009 it was found in Florida (USA) in Passiflora choconiana. Since then it has been diagnosed in P. sublanceolata, P.caerulea, and in three hybrids called “Blue Bouquet”, [9] Passiflora x belotii [10] and “Amethyst Star”. [11] (All three hybrids are crosses where one of the parents is Passiflora caerulea .)

A survey for viruses of Passiflora spp. in Florida, published in 1991, [12] found no potyviruses infecting commercial plantings of Passiflora in Florida. This indicates that PWV has been introduced into Florida recently, probably by the importation of infected vegetative cuttings.

Host range inoculations have shown this virus can also infect some cultivars of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), [13] and Macroptilium lathyroides. [14] M. latyroides [15] is a native of South America which has been introduced to several other countries including the United States (Florida [16] and Hawaii [17] ), India, Australia, and Africa. [18]

Related Research Articles

<i>Passiflora edulis</i> Species of flowering plant in the passion flower family Passifloraceae

Passiflora edulis, commonly known as passion fruit, is a vine species of passion flower native to southern Brazil through Paraguay and northern Argentina. It is cultivated commercially in tropical and subtropical areas for its sweet, seedy fruit. The fruit is a pepo, a type of berry, round to oval, either yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit is both eaten and juiced, the juice often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.

<i>Passiflora</i> Genus of flowering plants in the passion flower family Passifloraceae

Passiflora, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 550 species of flowering plants, the type genus of the family Passifloraceae.

<i>Potyvirus</i> genus of viruses

Potyvirus is a genus of viruses in the family Potyviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 183 species in this genus including the type species Potato virus Y. The genus is named after the type virus. Potyviruses account for ~30% of the currently known plant viruses. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral, horticultural and ornamental crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses and most are from the subfamily Aphidinae.

Arabis mosaic virus is a viral plant pathogen that is known to infect multiple hosts. The pathogen, commonly referred to as ArMV, is from the family Secoviridae, and it causes yellow dwarf of raspberry and is one of the causes of mosaic of rhubarb. Arabis mosaic virus infects multiple hosts, including strawberries, hops, hemp, grape, geraniums, raspberries, sugar beets, celery, horseradish, lilac, peach, and lettuces.

Bean yellow mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, it is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 750 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation.

Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV) is a pathogenic plant virus in the plant virus family Potyviridae. BiMoV is a flexuous filamentous particle, 720 nm long, and belongs to the Potyviridae genus Potyvirus. Like other viruses in this genus, Bidens mottle virus is transmitted both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion.

Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus and the family Alphaflexiviridae. PapMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 530 nm in length.

Peanut mottle virus(PeMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. As with other members of this virus family, PeMoV is a flexuous filamentous virus with particles 740-750 nm long. It is transmitted by several species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation. It was first given its name in 1965 when it was isolated from peanuts in Georgia, USA. This virus was found to be seed transmitted in this host.

Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, PepMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 737 nm in length. Isolates of this virus has been completely sequenced and its RNA is 9640 nucleotides long. This virus is transmitted by several species of aphids in a nonpersitant manner and by mechanical inoculation.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production.

White clover mosaic virus (WClMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus and the family Alphaflexiviridae. WClMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 480 nm in length and 13 nm wide.

Tobacco etch virus (TEV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, TEV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made from a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 730 nm in length. It is transmissible in a non-persistent manner by more than 10 species of aphids including Myzus persicae. It also is easily transmitted by mechanical means but is not known to be transmitted by seeds.

<i>Tobacco ringspot virus</i>

Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the plant virus family Secoviridae. It is the type species of the genus Nepovirus. Nepoviruses are transmitted between plants by nematodes, varroa mites and honeybees. TRSV is also easily transmitted by sap inoculation and transmission in seeds has been reported. In recent cases it has also been shown to appear in bees.

Apium virus Y (ApVY) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae.

Commelina mosaic virus (CoMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, CoMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 707-808 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by two species of aphids, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii, and by mechanical inoculation.

Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, ClYVV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 760 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by several species of aphids in a nonpersistent manner and by mechanical inoculation.

<i>Passiflora maliformis</i>

Passiflora maliformis, the sweet calabash, conch apple, wild purple passionfruit, or sweet cup, is a smallish (5cm) passionfruit with purple, yellow or green skin and a greyed-yellow to orange pulp that is aromatically-scented and -flavoured. It is a fast-growing vine, growing best in somewhat cooler-than-tropical climates. The rind is particularly hard and tougher than most passionfruits. It is usually eaten fresh or used to flavour drinks. It is a native to the Caribbean, Central America and Northern South America.

The passion fruit is a vine species of passion flower that is native to South America.

<i>Watermelon mosaic virus</i>

Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) also known as Marrow mosaic virus, Melon mosaic virus, and until recently Watermelon mosaic virus type 2 (WMV-2), is a plant pathogenic virus that causes viral infection in many different plants. First described on squash in Florida, WMV arose from a unique recombination of genetic material contributed by Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) along with Peanut Stripe virus (PSV).

Passion fruit (fruit) fruit of Passiflora edulis

The passion fruit is the fruit of a number of plants in the genus Passiflora.

References

  1. ↑ Baker CA, Jeyaprakash A, Webster CG, Adkins S (October 2014). "Viruses Infecting Passiflora Species in Florida" (PDF). Plant Pathology Circular No. 415. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Division of Plant Industry. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  2. ↑ "About Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
  3. ↑ Di Piero, R. M.; Rezende, J. A.; Yuki, V. A.; Pascholati, S. F.; Delfino, M. A. (2006). "[Transmission of Passion fruit woodiness virus by Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and colonization of passion flower by the vector]". Neotrop. Entomol. 35 (1): 139–40. doi: 10.1590/s1519-566x2006000100019 . PMID   17352080.
  4. ↑ Antoniw, John. "Show DPV and Refs in Frame". www.dpvweb.net.
  5. ↑ "PotyEM / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  6. ↑ Antoniw, John. "Show DPV Figure". www.dpvweb.net. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  7. ↑ http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/JournalsSup/images/0812/PT_2(1)1-19o.pdf Archived 2014-08-18 at the Wayback Machine Fischer, Ivan H. and Jorge A.M.Rezende, 2008. Diseases of passion flower (Passiflora spp.)
  8. ↑ Taylor, R.H. and Kimble, K.A. (1964). Aust. J. agric. Res. 15: 560.
  9. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-10-09. Retrieved 2010-07-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-07-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-10-09. Retrieved 2010-07-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ↑ Elliot, M.S., F.W. Zettler and J. H. Crane. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 104:49-50, 1991.
  13. ↑ Chang, C. Phytopathology 82:1358-1363
  14. ↑ Antoniw, John. "Show DPV and Refs in Frame". www.dpvweb.net. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  15. ↑ "Factsheet - Macroptilium lathyroides". www.tropicalforages.info. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  16. ↑ "Macroptilium - Genus Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants". florida.plantatlas.usf.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  17. ↑ "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands - Genus Page/ Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution". botany.si.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  18. ↑ "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2017-12-21.

These three links contain pictures of cylindrical inclusions found in Passiflora spp. from three different potyviruses known to infect this host. All three have been found in Florida:

  1. Symptoms and Inclusions of Passionfruit woodiness virus in Passiflora sp.
  2. Symptoms and Inclusions of Passiflora chlorosis virus.
  3. Inclusions of Passionfruit mottle virus.
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