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Paul Silverberg (born 6 May 1876 in Bedburg; died 5 October 1959 in Lugano) was a leading German industrialist until the rise of the Nazis. [1] [2] [3]
Paul Silverberg was born in Bedburg on 6 May 1876, the second of four children and the only son of Adolf (1845-1903) and Theodora Silverberg (1853-1924), née Schönbrunn. His father came from a traditional Jewish family and was active in Bedburg as a textile and brown coal entrepreneur. Paul Silverberg was initially of the Jewish faith, but converted to Protestantism in 1895. [1]
Paul Silverberg initially worked as a lawyer. In 1903, he became the General Director of Fortuna AG, a brown coal company controlled by his father, which later became the Rheinische AG (today Rheinbraun). In 1926 he joined the company's supervisory board. Applying a strategy of horizontal integration he took over two other Rhineland brown coal firms to create the Rheinische AG für Braunkohlenbergbau und Brikettfabrikation (RAG). He was said to have blocked the ambitions of Hugo Stinnes and August Thyssen. A leading industrial leader of Jewish origin during the Weimar Republic, [4] in 1928 he sat on the supervisory board of twenty-five major German firms. [5]
After the Nazis came to power in Germany under Hitler in 1933, Silverberg was persecuted because of his Jewish heritage. [6] His trust in his network of allies was shattered, as non-Jewish industrialist Friedrich Flick and Fritz Thyssen manuveured to deprive him of control. [7] Obliged by Nazi anti-Jewish laws to withdraw from companies, associations, and organizations, his resistance was broken in 1933. [7] Expelled from the Reich Association of German Industry (Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie) on 29 March 1933, and forced to resign as president of the Cologne Chamber of Industry and Commerce on 5 April 1933 he left Germany for the Swiss town of Lugano in late 1933. [7]
Despite Konrad Adenauer's requests and being awarded the honorary presidency of the Cologne Chamber of Commerce and Industry, he refused to return to Germany after 1945. [8] Silverberg was a member of Gustav Stresemann's national liberal Deutsche Volkspartei. [9]
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