Phenuiviridae

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Phenuiviridae
Journal.ppat.1005800.g009.tif
Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle
Virus classification Red Pencil Icon.png
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family:Phenuiviridae

Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales . [1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Member genus Phlebovirus is the only genus of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus) [2] except Dabie bandavirus. [3]

Contents

Virology

Structure

Rift Valley fever virus structure 41541 2020 218 Fig1 HTML B.png
Rift Valley fever virus structure

Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12). [2]

Genome

Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family. [4] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. [1]

Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases. [5] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome. [2]

Life cycle

RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated. [5] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript. [2]

Taxonomy

The following genera are recognized: [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Bunyavirales</i> Order of RNA viruses

Bunyavirales is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class Ellioviricetes. The name Bunyavirales derives from Bunyamwera, where the original type species Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus was first discovered. Ellioviricetes is named in honor of late virologist Richard M. Elliott for his early work on bunyaviruses.

<i>Phlebovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Phlebovirus is one of twenty genera of the family Phenuiviridae in the order Bunyavirales. The genus contains 66 species. It derives its name from Phlebotominae, the vectors of member species Naples phlebovirus, which is said to be ultimately from the Greek phlebos, meaning "vein". The proper word for "vein" in ancient Greek is however phleps (φλέψ).

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References

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