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Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production,consumption,and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model. According to this line of thought,the value of a good or service is determined through a hypothetical maximization of utility by income-constrained individuals and of profits by firms facing production costs and employing available information and factors of production. This approach has often been justified by appealing to rational choice theory.
A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population,such as language,history,ethnicity,culture,territory or society. Some nations are constructed around ethnicity while others are bound by political constitutions.
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation,gender identity,or gender expression to align with heterosexual and cisgender norms. Methods that have been used to this end include forms of brain surgery,surgical or hormonal castration,aversive treatments such as electric shocks,nausea-inducing drugs,hypnosis,counseling,spiritual interventions,visualization,psychoanalysis,and arousal reconditioning.
Gender includes the social,psychological,cultural and behavioral aspects of being a man,woman,or other gender identity. Depending on the context,this may include sex-based social structures and gender expression. Most cultures use a gender binary,in which gender is divided into two categories,and people are considered part of one or the other;those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term non-binary. Some societies have specific genders besides "man" and "woman",such as the hijras of South Asia;these are often referred to as third genders. Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization.
Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their identity. In early Western thought,Plato's idealism held that all things have such an "essence"—an "idea" or "form". In Categories,Aristotle similarly proposed that all objects have a substance that,as George Lakoff put it,"make the thing what it is,and without which it would be not that kind of thing". The contrary view—non-essentialism—denies the need to posit such an "essence'".
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Philip E. Agre is an American AI researcher and humanities professor,formerly a faculty member at the University of California,Los Angeles. He is known for his critiques of technology. He was successively the publisher of The Network Observer (TNO) and The Red Rock Eater News Service (RRE). TNO ran from January 1994 to July 1996. RRE,an influential mailing list he started in the mid-1990s,ran for around a decade. A mix of news,Internet policy and politics,RRE served as a model for many of today's political blogs and online newsletters.
Canadian values are the commonly shared ethical and human values of Canadians. The major political parties generally claim explicitly that they uphold these values,but there are no consensus among them about what they are and follow a value pluralism approach.
Marina Umaschi Bers is the Augustus Long Professor of Education at Boston College. Bers holds a secondary appointment in Boston College's Department of Computer Science. Bers directs the interdisciplinary DevTech Research Group,which she started in 2001 at Tufts University. Her research involves the design and study of innovative learning technologies to promote children's positive development. She is known for her work in the field of early childhood computer science with projects of national and international visibility. Bers is the co-creator of the free ScratchJr programming language,used by 35 million children,and the creator of the KIBO robotic kit,which has no screens or keyboards.
References
- ↑ Cameron, David (September 1995). "Thinking English CanadaPhilip Resnick Toronto: Stoddard Publishing, 1994, pp. xii, 129". Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique. 28 (3): 555–556. doi:10.1017/S0008423900006739. ISSN 1744-9324.
- ↑ Watts, Ronald L. (2005). "Comparing Forms of Federal Partnerships". Theories of Federalism: A Reader. pp. 233–253. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05549-1_22. ISBN 978-0-312-29581-3.
