Phlox

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Phlox
Phlox Paniculata.jpg
Phlox paniculata (garden phlox)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Polemoniaceae
Genus: Phlox
L. (1753)
Species [1]

68; see text

Synonyms [1]
  • ArmeriaL. ex Kuntze (1891), nom. illeg.
  • FonnaAdans. (1763)
  • LychnideaHill (1756), nom. superfl.
  • PhloxusSt.-Lag. (1880), orth. var.

Phlox ( /ˈflɒks/ ; Ancient Greek : φλόξ "flame"; plural "phlox" or "phloxes", Ancient Greek : φλόγεςphlóges) is a genus of 68 species of perennial and annual plants in the family Polemoniaceae. They are found mostly in North America (one in Siberia) in diverse habitats from alpine tundra to open woodland and prairie. Some flower in spring, others in summer and fall. Flowers may be pale blue, violet, pink, bright red, or white. Many are fragrant.

Description

Phlox on a patio Phlox on a patio.jpg
Phlox on a patio

The name is derived from the Ancient Greek word phlox meaning flame in reference to the intense flower colors of some varieties. [2] Fertilized flowers typically produce one relatively large seed. The fruit is a longitudinally dehiscent capsule with three or more valves that sometimes separate explosively. [3]

Some species such as P. paniculata (garden phlox) grow upright, while others such as P. subulata (moss phlox, moss pink, mountain phlox) grow short and matlike. Paniculata or tall phlox, is a native American wildflower that is native from New York to Iowa south to Georgia, Mississippi and Arkansas. It blooms from July to September.

Creeping phlox spreads rapidly and makes great ground cover. [4] It can be planted to cover banks, fill spaces under tall trees, and spill and trail over slopes. Creeping phlox blooms in spring and produces long, spreading stems, which become woody with age. It was introduced into cultivation by the late 1700s. [5]

The foliage of Phlox is a food for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including dot moth, Gazoryctra wielgusi , hummingbird hawk-moth and Schinia indiana (which feeds exclusively on P. pilosa). Phlox species are also a popular food source for groundhogs, rabbits and deer.

Species

Fruit and seeds of P. paniculata Phlox paniculata fruit and seeds.jpg
Fruit and seeds of P. paniculata
Phlox triovulata (three-seed phlox), New Mexico, US Phlox triovulata.jpg
Phlox triovulata (three-seed phlox), New Mexico, US

The species in the genus include: [1]

Cultivation

Clump of woodland phlox (P. divaricata) Phlox divaricata 1.jpg
Clump of woodland phlox (P. divaricata)

Several species and cultivars of phlox are commonly grown in gardens. Most cultivated phlox, with the notable exception of Phlox drummondii , are perennial. Species from alpine habitats (and cultivars derived from them) require full sun and good drainage. Those from woodland habitats (such as Phlox divaricata ) require partial shade and soil rich in humus. Those from waterside habitats (such as P. paniculata) require full sun and moisture at the roots. [6] Phlox are valued in the garden for their ability to attract butterflies. Phlox can be propagated from stem cuttings.

Related Research Articles

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Coreopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include calliopsis and tickseed, a name shared with various other plants.

<i>Antennaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Antennaria is a genus of dioecious perennial herbs in the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with a few species in temperate southern South America; the highest species diversity is in North America. Common names include catsfoot or cat's-foot, pussytoes and everlasting.

<i>Helianthus</i> Genus of flowering plants, the sunflowers

Helianthus is a genus comprising about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae commonly known as sunflowers. Except for three South American species, the species of Helianthus are native to North America and Central America. The best-known species is the common sunflower. This and other species, notably Jerusalem artichoke, are cultivated in temperate regions and some tropical regions, as food crops for humans, cattle, and poultry, and as ornamental plants. The species H. annuus typically grows during the summer and into early fall, with the peak growth season being mid-summer.

<i>Rorippa</i> Genus of flowering plants

Rorippa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe through central Asia, Africa, and North America. Rorippa species are annual to perennial herbs, usually with yellow flowers and a peppery flavour. They are known commonly as yellowcresses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heliantheae</span> Tribe of sunflower plants

The Heliantheae are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is derived from the genus Helianthus, which is Greek for sun flower. Most genera and species are found in North America and South America. A few genera are pantropical.

<i>Polemonium</i> Genus of plants

Polemonium, commonly called Jacob's ladders or Jacob's-ladders, is a genus of between 25 and 40 species of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae, native to cool temperate to arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. One species, Polemonium micranthum, also occurs in the southern Andes in South America. Many of the species grow at high altitudes, in mountainous areas. Most of the uncertainty in the number of species relates to those in Eurasia, many of which have been synonymized with Polemonium caeruleum.

<i>Lomatium</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Linanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Linanthus is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the phlox family Polemoniaceae. The species are found in western North America and in Chile, with the greatest diversity in California.

<i>Ipomopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Ipomopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the phlox family, Polemoniaceae. The annual and perennial herbs it contains are native to the Americas, particularly North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astereae</span> Tribe of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

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<i>Phlox subulata</i> Species of flowering plant

Phlox subulata the creeping phlox, moss phlox, moss pink or mountain phlox, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to eastern and central USA, and widely cultivated.

<i>Hedeoma</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Navarretia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Navarretia is a genus of flowering plants related to the phloxes and the gilias. This is one genus of plants, among others, which are sometimes called pincushion plants. It includes 45 species native to the Americas. In North America they range from western Canada through the western and west-central United States to northwestern Mexico, and to Ohio and Pennsylvania. In South America they range through Argentina and Chile.

<i>Tephrosia</i> Genus of plants

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<i>Galactia</i> Genus of legumes

Galactia is a genus of plants in the legume family (Fabaceae). It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae and tribe Diocleae They do not have an unambiguous common name, being commonly called milk peas, beach peas or wild peas. They are perennial herbs or subshrubs with prostrate, climbing, or erect forms.

<i>Acmispon</i> Genus of legumes

Acmispon is a genus of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae (legumes), native to North America and the west coast of Chile in South America. It includes several species of American bird's-foot trefoils and deervetches formerly contained in the globally distributed genus Lotus. The former genus Syrmatium is included in Acmispon. The Jepson eFlora accepts only Acmispon.

Phlox buckleyi, common name swordleaf phlox or shale-barren phlox, is a plant species native to Virginia and West Virginia. It grows in open woodlands, primarily on hillsides derived from shale. The first known specimen was first collected in 1838 but not described as a species until 1930.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Phlox L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  2. "Phlox paniculata", Missouri Botanical Garden
  3. Klaus Kubitzki (2004). Flowering plants, Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer. p. 311. ISBN   9783540065128.
  4. "Growing Phlox", The Farmer's Almanac
  5. "Creeping Phlox", Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia
  6. Prof. Craigmyle, M., The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Perennials, Salamander Books Ltd, 2002, p222 ISBN   1 901683 78 8

Further reading

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Phlox at Wikimedia Commons