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An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before assuming the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations. Such oaths are often required by the laws of the state, religious body, or other organization before the person may actually exercise the powers of the office or organization. It may be administered at an inauguration, coronation, enthronement, or other ceremony connected with the taking up of office itself, or it may be administered privately. In some cases it may be administered privately and then repeated during a public ceremony.
The Pledge of Allegiance is a patriotic recited verse that promises allegiance to the flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. The first version, with a text different from the one used at present, was written in 1885 by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army officer in the Civil War who later authored a book on how to teach patriotism to children in public schools. In 1892, Francis Bellamy revised Balch's verse as part of a magazine promotion surrounding the World's Columbian Exposition, which celebrated the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the Americas. Bellamy, the circulation manager for The Youth's Companion magazine, helped persuade then-president Benjamin Harrison to institute Columbus Day as a national holiday and lobbied Congress for a national school celebration of the day. The magazine sent leaflets containing part of Bellamy's Pledge of Allegiance to schools across the country and on October 21, 1892, over 10,000 children recited the verse together.
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The coat of arms of the Philippines features the eight-rayed sun of the Philippines with each ray representing the eight provinces which were placed under martial law by Governor-General Ramón Blanco Sr. during the Philippine Revolution, and the three five-pointed stars representing the three major island groups of Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao.
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The president of the Philippines is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
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The Patriotic Oath is one of two national pledges of the Philippines, the other being the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag. It is commonly recited at flag ceremonies of schools—especially public schools—immediately after singing the Philippine national anthem but before reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
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Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa is the national motto of the Philippines. Derived from the last four lines of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag, it was adopted on February 12, 1998 with the passage of Republic Act No. 8491, the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, during the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos. Its adoption came twelve years after the abolition of the country's previous motto, "Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa", which was adopted during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos in 1979.
Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa was the national motto of the Philippines from 1978 to 1986, during the presidency of President Ferdinand Marcos. It was adopted on June 9, 1978 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1413. The motto has been criticized and has been denounced as "the slogan of a fascist regime".
The Independence Flagpole or the Philippine National Flagpole is a 45.72 m (150.0 ft) flagpole located near the Rizal Monument in Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines. It is the highest flagpole in the country.
The Great Seal of the Philippines is used to authenticate official documents of the government of the Philippines.
Ebralinag v Division Superintendent was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines which established and tolerated freedom of religion. It involved 25 pupils from Asturias, Cebu and 43 pupils from the towns of Daanbantayan, Pinamungajan, Taburan and Carcar, Cebu, who are Jehovah's Witnesses, that were expelled for refusing to sing the national anthem and salute the flag and recite the patriotic pledge as required by Republic Act No. 1265 and Department Order No.8 of 1955. The Supreme Court ruling of this decision overturned Supreme Court's ruling of Gerona v Secretary of Education.
References
- ↑ "Executive Order No. 343, June 12, 1996" – via Supreme Court E-Library.
- 1 2 3 4 "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines" – via Supreme Court E-Library.
- ↑ "Executive Order No. 343, s. 1996". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. 12 June 1996. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ↑ "Panunumpa sa Watawat". tagaloglang.com. ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF PLEDGE. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
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