Populus heterophylla

Last updated

Populus heterophylla
Populus heterophylla - NRCS 1.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Salicaceae
Genus: Populus
Section: Populus sect. Leucoides
Species:
P. heterophylla
Binomial name
Populus heterophylla
L.
Populus heterophylla range map 1.png

Populus heterophylla, also known as downy poplar, [2] swamp poplar [2] and swamp cottonwood, [3] is a large deciduous poplar belonging to the Populus genus of the family Salicaceae . This species can grow on sites that have too much water for other native poplars. [4] On the IUCN Red List this species is listed as "least concern". [5]

Contents

Description

Swamp poplar can reach a height 50 to 100 ft at maturity. [3] The trunk and branches are a light to medium grey, with the trunk being coarsely furrowed. [3] The leaves are alternate deciduous that are 4-6 inches long and 3-4 inches across. [3] Mature leaves are medium to dark green on their upper surface and pale green on the lower surface. [3] Petioles are 2-3 inches long and tend to be between pale green or pale yellow. [3] This species is pollinated by wind. [4] This species flowers in April and fruits May-June. [2]

Habitat

Location

This species is indigenous to warm, temperate regions in North America, although nowhere is it considered abundant. It is found in wet bottomland forests. [4] Swamp cottonwood can be found along the east coast of the United States from Connecticut to Georgia, as well as northwestern Florida and west to Louisiana. [4] It also grows in the Mississippi valley, Ohio and southern Michigan. [4]

Soils and topography

Populus heterophylla is typically found on heavy clays, but can be found on the edges of swamps (not within). [4] Ideal growth will happen in areas where the water table is near the surface for all but 2-3 months a year. [4]

Climate

Humid climate is common throughout the range of the swamp poplar. [4] Rainfall varies for this species based on how far north it is found. When found in Indiana the average annual rainfall is about 35 in (890 cm); as opposed to when found in Louisiana average annual rainfall is 59 in (1500 mm). [4] Yearly average temperatures range in the North and South from 50°F to 70°F respectively. [4]

Special uses

There are no special uses or commercial value for this species due to the similarity to Populus deltoides , which grows faster and easier.

Related Research Articles

<i>Quercus palustris</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus palustris, also called pin oak, swamp oak, or Spanish oak, is a tree in the red oak section of the genus Quercus. Pin oak is one of the most commonly used landscaping oaks in its native range due to its ease of transplant, relatively fast growth, and pollution tolerance.

<i>Populus</i> Genus of plants

Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar, aspen, and cottonwood.

<i>Populus <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Aigeiros</i> Section of plants in the genus Populus

Populus section Aigeiros is a section of three species in the genus Populus, the poplars. Like some other species in the genus Populus, they are commonly known as cottonwoods. The species are native to North America, Europe, and western Asia. In the past, as many as six species were recognized, but recent trends have been to accept just three species, treating the others as subspecies of P. deltoides.

<i>Pinus serotina</i> Species of conifer

Pinus serotina, the pond pine, black bark pine, bay pine,marsh pine, or pocosin pine, is a pine tree found along the Southeastern portion of the Atlantic coastal plain of the United States, from southern New Jersey south to Florida and west to southern Alabama. Pond pine distribution may be starting to spread west towards Mississippi and Tennessee.

<i>Populus nigra</i> Species of plant

Populus nigra, the black poplar, is a species of cottonwood poplar, the type species of section Aigeiros of the genus Populus, native to Europe, southwest and central Asia, and northwest Africa.

<i>Populus alba</i> Species of plant of the genus Populus

Populus alba, commonly called silver poplar, silverleaf poplar, or white poplar, is a species of poplar, most closely related to the aspens. It is native to a region spanning from the Atlas Mountains of Africa, through most of South and Central Europe, into Central Asia; it has been introduced to many temperate, moist regions worldwide. It grows in moist sites, often by watersides, in regions with hot summers and cold to mild winters.

<i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> Species of conifer

Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma County, California. The Latin species name means 'variable leaves'.

<i>Taxodium distichum</i> Species of cypress tree

Taxodium distichum is a deciduous conifer in the family Cupressaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States. Hardy and tough, this tree adapts to a wide range of soil types, whether wet, salty, dry, or swampy. It is noted for the russet-red fall color of its lacy needles.

<i>Cornus alternifolia</i> Species of tree

Cornus alternifolia is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to southern Manitoba and Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Mississippi. It is rare in the southern United States. It is commonly known as green osier, alternate-leaved dogwood, and pagoda dogwood.

<i>Quercus lyrata</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus lyrata, the overcup oak, is an oak in the white oak group. The common name, overcup oak, refers to its acorns that are mostly enclosed within the acorn cup. It is native to lowland wetlands in the eastern and south-central United States, in all the coastal states from New Jersey to Texas, inland as far as Oklahoma, Missouri, and Illinois. There are historical reports of it growing in Iowa, but the species appears to have been extirpated there. It is a slow-growing tree that often takes 25 to 30 years to mature. It has an estimated lifespan of 400 years.

<i>Populus tremuloides</i> Species of deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America

Populus tremuloides is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America, one of several species referred to by the common name aspen. It is commonly called quaking aspen, trembling aspen, American aspen, mountain or golden aspen, trembling poplar, white poplar, and popple, as well as others. The trees have tall trunks, up to 25 metres tall, with smooth pale bark, scarred with black. The glossy green leaves, dull beneath, become golden to yellow, rarely red, in autumn. The species often propagates through its roots to form large clonal groves originating from a shared root system. These roots are not rhizomes, as new growth develops from adventitious buds on the parent root system.

<i>Populus deltoides</i> Species of tree

Populus deltoides, the eastern cottonwood or necklace poplar, is a species of cottonwood poplar native to North America, growing throughout the eastern, central, and southwestern United States as well as the southern Canadian prairies, the southernmost part of eastern Canada, and northeastern Mexico.

<i>Populus trichocarpa</i> Species of tree

Populus trichocarpa, the black cottonwood, western balsam-poplar or California poplar, is a deciduous broadleaf tree species native to western North America. It is used for timber, and is notable as a model organism in plant biology.

<i>Populus tremula</i> Species of plant

Populus tremula is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of the Old World.

<i>Populus balsamifera</i> Species of tree

Populus balsamifera, commonly called balsam poplar, bam, bamtree, eastern balsam-poplar, hackmatack, tacamahac poplar, tacamahaca, is a tree species in the balsam poplar species group in the poplar genus, Populus. The genus name Populus is from the Latin for poplar, and the specific epithet balsamifera from Latin for "balsam-bearing".

<i>Sorbus americana</i> Species of tree

The tree species Sorbus americana is commonly known as the American mountain-ash. It is a deciduous perennial tree, native to eastern North America.

<i>Fraxinus profunda</i> Species of ash

Fraxinus profunda, the pumpkin ash, is a species of ash (Fraxinus) native to eastern North America, where it has a scattered distribution on the Atlantic coastal plain and interior lowland river valleys from the Lake Erie basin in Ontario and New York west to Illinois, southwest to Missouri and southeast to northern Florida. It grows in bottomland habitats, such as swamps, floodplains and riverbanks. It is threatened by the emerald ash borer, an invasive insect which has caused widespread destruction of ash trees in eastern North America.

<i>Populus grandidentata</i> Species of deciduous tree native to North America

Populus grandidentata, commonly called large-tooth aspen, big-tooth aspen, American aspen, Canadian poplar, or white poplar, is a deciduous tree native to eastern North America.

<i>Populus ciliata</i> Species of tree

Populus ciliata, the Himalayan poplar, is a large deciduous tree with tall clean straight trunk and wide rounded crown. The bark of the young trees is smooth greenish-grey and the bark of the old trees is dark brown with vertical cracks. Leaves are broadly ovate with serrulate-crenate and hairy margins. Flowers are drooping raceme catkins appear before or with leaves. Populus ciliata flowers are dioecious, individual flowers are either male or female. Perianth of male flowers is bell-shaped and female flowers are bluntly toothed. Their capsule encloses an average of 100–150 seeds, which are covered by long silky hair.

<i>Populus euphratica</i> Species of tree

Populus euphratica, commonly known as the Euphrates poplar, desert poplar, diversiform-leaved poplar, or poplar diversifolia, is a species of poplar tree in the willow family.

References

  1. Smith, K. (2016). "Populus heterophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T61959850A61959867. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T61959850A61959867.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 "Populus heterophylla in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Swamp Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Populus heterophyfla L". srs.fs.usda.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
  5. Smith (IUCN), Kevin (2015-04-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Populus heterophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-04-23.