The film is set in the criminal underground of Copenhagen, Denmark, and tells the story of the drug dealer Frank (Kim Bodnia) who, after losing a large amount of money in a drug deal gone wrong, falls into desperation as he only has a few days to raise the money he owes.
Although Pusher was not intended to become a franchise, financial difficulties forced Winding Refn to produce two sequels: Pusher II, focusing on Mikkelsen's character after the events of the first film, and Pusher 3, focusing on another secondary character introduced in Pusher; both were financial and critical successes. A Hindi remake of the same name was released in 2010,[3] as well as an English-language remake in 2012.[4]
Plot
Frank (Kim Bodnia), a low-level drug dealer in Copenhagen, goes to a heroin deal with his sidekick Tonny (Mads Mikkelsen). The pair only manage to sell some of their product and go on to waste time about town. Frank visits his friend Vic (Laura Drasbæk), a prostitute who holds some of his stash for a fee. Vic wants to have a serious relationship with Frank, but Frank prefers to keep it purely casual.
Frank is visited by a former cell mate, a Swede named Hasse (Peter Andersson), and the pair set up a large drug deal. Frank visits his supplier, the local Serbian drug lord Milo (Zlatko Burić), to get the heroin. Already owing Milo some money, Frank cannot cover the cost of the heroin, but Milo allows him to take the drugs provided that he immediately returns with the money.
The deal goes bad, however, when police arrive. In the process of evading the police, Frank falls into Sankt Jørgen's Lake, destroying the heroin. At the station, officers convince Frank that Tonny has delivered a confession that implicates Frank, but he still does not admit to anything. When Frank is released after twenty-four hours, he returns to Milo to explain how he lost the money and the drugs. Milo does not believe his story and demands that he pay back even more than he already owes. Frank immediately seeks Tonny out and savagely beats him with a baseball bat.
Milo's henchman Radovan (Slavko Labović) accompanies Frank to help him collect on some of his own debts with Milo. The pair have a friendly conversation and Radovan shares his secret desire to open a restaurant. He tries to force an addict customer of Frank's to rob a bank to cover his debt, but the addict commits suicide in front of them. As Frank makes other disastrous attempts to earn money, Vic becomes increasingly insistent that they behave as a couple. He takes her to several clubs and makes plans to drive her to the veterinarian to see her sick dog.
Frank finally makes a deal, but his drug mule betrays him and switches the heroin for baking soda. Radovan drops his friendly demeanour and begins threatening Frank with serious injury should he fail to pay up soon. Frank goes on a desperate rampage, stealing money and drugs from the gym of some drug-dealing bodybuilders, but he is soon picked up by Radovan and tortured. Frank manages to escape and makes plans to flee with Vic to Spain.
After successfully making his final deal in Copenhagen, Frank receives a call from Milo, who promises to accept a token payment to put an end to their dispute. However, Milo and his henchmen are actually planning to kill Frank when he arrives. When Frank bluntly informs Vic that their plans to flee are cancelled, she steals his stash of money and runs off. The film ends with Frank grimly catching his breath as his enemies throughout the city prepare to dispose of him.
Gordon Kennedy as Scorpion, a customer of Frank, whom Frank bullies during a drug deal
Jesper Lohmann as Mikkel
Production
Development
The film began as a five-minute "short" that Winding Refn had made as an application to a Danish film school. Refn turned down the offer he subsequently received, instead deciding to transform Pusher into a feature-length independent film utilizing a nominal amount of funding that he had managed to acquire.[5]
Refn partnered with film student Jens Dahl to write the film's screenplay. His goal was to tell the story of a man under pressure, without glamorizing the lifestyle of a drug dealer. Refn organized the plot's events according to the days of the week in his notes and this was subsequently established in the final product. Refn's major inspirations for the film were The Battle of Algiers, Cannibal Holocaust, The French Connection, The Killing of a Chinese Bookie and Mean Streets.
Filming
During rehearsal, Winding Refn became dissatisfied with the actor he had cast as Frank, thinking him too placid and boring. Two weeks before shooting was to begin, Winding Refn fired the actor without a replacement in line. Winding Refn approached Kim Bodnia, who was an established actor at the time, and Bodnia accepted. Though the other primary roles were mostly filled with experienced actors, many of the minor roles were filled by Winding Refn's friends or people accustomed to the street life.
Bodnia brought a greater degree of intensity and aggressiveness to the part that some actors were not prepared for. Winding Refn claimed that the surprised reactions of some actors are genuine, as they had not rehearsed with Bodnia beforehand and were expecting the previous actor's more sedate performances.
Slavko Labović, who played the Serbian thug Radovan, was a friend of Serbian war criminal Željko Ražnatović. He provided a poster of Ražnatović to use as a prop in Milo's headquarters. The actor playing Milo, Zlatko Burić, is actually a Croat. Winding Refn became concerned when violence flared between Serbs and Croats during filming, but the events did not cause problems on set.
The film was shot using Danish union rules, which allowed no more than 8 hours of filming per day, and no filming on weekends. The rules, combined with the high cost of filming permits, caused time and budget constraints. The film was shot entirely using hand-held cameras. Winding Refn wanted to capture a realistic, documentary feel to the film. This caused problems with the time constraints of the shooting schedule and Winding Refn's desire to keep the film shadowy. Actors are often backlit or difficult to see due to the low levels of lighting used.
The film was shot almost completely in chronological order. Winding Refn later admitted that shooting scenes out of order was confusing to him, but some scenes were reshot or added later. The scene in which Frank shoots at Milo's thugs was originally filmed without special effects, but Winding Refn was dissatisfied with the results and reshot the scene using squibs. The scene with the junkie was shot after shooting had completed to replace a previous scene that Refn discarded because it dealt with an outdated vision of Frank's character.
Punk rocker Peter Peter and composer Povl Kristian composed the score and formed the temporary band Prisoner to perform the score, with Peter playing guitar and Kristian playing the clavier. Kristian also composed the song "Summers got the colour" with text by Lars K. Andersen which was sung by Aud Wilken. Although Povl Kristian did not return to work on the sequels, the "Pusher theme" he wrote with Peter Peter was used in all of the following films.[citation needed]
Reception
The film was considered the first Danish-language gangster film and became a breakthrough success for Winding Refn and several of the lead actors. Winding Refn claimed that the film inspired cults of highly dedicated fans and influenced Danish fashion to emulate certain costumes worn by the characters. Kim Bodnia launched a very successful career as a leading man in Danish cinema largely due to the success of the film. Zlatko Burić was given a Bodil Award in 1997 for his performance as Milo.[6]
The film holds a score of 83% positive reviews on Rotten Tomatoes with an average score of 7.1/10.[7] The review aggregator site Metacritic has given the movie an average score of 72 out of 100, which means "generally favorable reviews".[8]
Two sequels followed, focusing on different characters from the same "underworld" milieu of Copenhagen.[9]
Pusher II follows Frank's former partner, Tonny,[9] who struggles with his relationship with his father following his release from prison; Tonny concurrently negotiates the prospect of becoming a father himself and the discovery that his mother had died while he was incarcerated. Pusher ends with Frank stranded in Copenhagen with no friends or resources, while his enemies poise to strike. Dialogue in Pusher II suggests that Milo, at least, never caught up with Frank.
Pusher 3 follows drug lord Milo.[9] Milo is followed through the course of a hectic day, as he struggles with his attempt at sobriety, a series of problematic criminal deals, and his daughter's birthday celebration for which he is the chef.
Pusher II is a 2004 Danish crime film written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. It is the second film in the Pusher trilogy, portraying the lives of criminals in Copenhagen.
Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen is a Danish actor, former gymnast and dancer. He rose to fame in Denmark as an actor for his roles such as Tonny in the first two films of the Pusher film trilogy, Detective Sergeant Allan Fischer in the television series Rejseholdet (2000–2004), Niels in Open Hearts (2002), Svend in The Green Butchers (2003), Ivan in Adam's Apples (2005) and Jacob Petersen in After the Wedding (2006).
Pusher 3 is a 2005 Danish crime film written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. It is the third film of the Pusher trilogy. A Hindi remake of the first film was then released in 2010, with an English-language remake following in 2012, with Zlatko Burić reprising his role.
Nicolas Winding Refn is a Danish film director, screenwriter, and producer.
Slavko Labović is a Serbian-Danish actor most popular for the role as a Serbian gangster in the Pusher trilogy.
After the Wedding is a 2006 Danish-Swedish drama film directed by Susanne Bier and starring Mads Mikkelsen and Sidse Babett Knudsen. The film was a critical success and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but lost to The Lives of Others.
Kim Bodnia is a Danish actor. He became widely known for his role as police detective Martin Rohde in the Scandinavian crime drama series The Bridge. He's also known internationally for his lead role as drug dealer Frank in Nicolas Winding Refn's 1996 directorial debut Pusher, and as Konstantin in Phoebe Waller-Bridge's BBC America spy thriller TV series Killing Eve (2018–2022).
The Pusher film trilogy by the Danish film director Nicolas Winding Refn illustrates and explores the violent criminal underworld of Copenhagen in gritty realism. The films hold respective scores of 83%, 100% and 93% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Bleeder is a 1999 Danish crime drama film written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. The film was successful in Denmark, but did not live up to the success of Refn's previous film Pusher.
Zlatko Burić is a Danish-Croatian actor. He is best known for his performances in the Pusher film trilogy (1996–2005) and the films 2012 (2009) and Triangle of Sadness (2022). For the latter, he won a European Film Award and a Guldbagge Award.
Valhalla Rising is a 2009 English-language Danish period adventure film directed by Nicolas Winding Refn, co-written by Refn and Roy Jacobsen, and starring Mads Mikkelsen. The film takes place "most certainly during the twelfth century of our era" and follows a Norse warrior named One-Eye and a boy as they travel with a band of Christian Crusaders by ship in the hopes of finding the Holy Land. Instead, they find themselves in an unknown land where they are assailed by unseen forces and dark visions.
Pusher is a 2012 British crime thriller film directed by Luis Prieto. It is an English-language remake of Nicolas Winding Refn's 1996 film of the same name, the second remake following a 2010 Hindi remake. The film stars Richard Coyle, Agyness Deyn, Bronson Webb, and Paul Kaye.
The Robert Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role is a Danish Film Academy award presented at the annual Robert Award ceremony to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in a Danish film.
The 58th Bodil Awards were held on 27 February 2005 in Imperial Cinema in Copenhagen, Denmark, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2004. Nikolaj Arcel's debut film King's Game and Susanne Bier's Brothers were both nominated for five awards. King's Game won the awards for Best Danish Film and Best Actor in a Supporting Role while Connie Nielsen won the award for Best Actress for her performance in Brothers. Mads Mikkelsen won the award for Best Actor for his performance in Pusher II.
Peter Schneidermann better known as Peter Peter is a Danish rock musician and former member of the Danish rock band Sort Sol, before engaging on his own musical projects Bleeder and the Bleeder Group. Peter Peter is also notable for working with filmmaker Nicolas Winding Refn and has written scores and soundtracks for a number of films.
Anders Refn is a Danish film editor and director.
The 31st Robert Awards ceremony was held on 26 February 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Organized by the Danish Film Academy, the awards honoured the best in Danish and foreign film of 2013.
Copenhagen Cowboy is a supernatural noir-thriller television series created by Nicolas Winding Refn for Netflix. The first Danish-language work by Refn since Pusher 3 (2005), it follows Miu, a renegade with various psychic abilities who goes on an unknown quest on Copenhagen's criminal underworld.
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