Raid on Chester, Nova Scotia

Last updated
Raid on Chester
Part of the American Revolution
Jonathan Prescott, Chester, Nova Scotia.png
Captain Jonathan Prescott
DateJune 30, 1782
Location
Result British victory
Belligerents
Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Kingdom of Great Britain Flag of the United States (1777-1795).svg  United States of America
Commanders and leaders
Jonathan Prescott
Captain Jacob Millett
Noah Stoddard
George Wait Babcock
Herbert Woodbury
[1]
Strength
5 vessels
170 crew members
Casualties and losses
no casualties 1 dead

The Raid on Chester occurred during the American Revolution when the US privateer, Captain Noah Stoddard of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, and four other privateer vessels attacked the British settlement at Chester, Nova Scotia on 30 June 1782. [2] [3] [4] The town was defended by Captain Jonathan Prescott and Captain Jacob Millett. [5] [6]

Contents

Background

During the American Revolution, Nova Scotia was invaded regularly by American Revolutionary forces by land and sea. Throughout the war, American privateers devastated the maritime economy by raiding many of the coastal communities. There were constant attacks by privateers, [7] which began seven years earlier with the raid on St. John and included raids on all the major outposts in Nova Scotia. [8] The first raid on Chester occurred in 1779 and the second three years later.

Raid on Chester

Chester Blockhouse (present-day Wisteria Cottage House), Chester, Nova Scotia Wisteria Cottage House (former Blockhouse), Chester, Nova Scotia.jpg
Chester Blockhouse (present-day Wisteria Cottage House), Chester, Nova Scotia

On June 30, the day before the raid on Lunenburg, Stoddard and two other privateers descended on Chester, Nova Scotia firing cannon from their vessels. Captain of the militia Jonathan Prescott fired cannon from the blockhouse. (The cannon Prescott used are now located on the grounds of the Chester Legion.) [9] Prescott's cannon fire struck one of the privateers. As a result, the privateers retreated behind Nass' Point. The crews went ashore and requested of Prescott to bury their dead. Prescott indicated that if they disarmed themselves, they would be assisted. Eventually, Prescott invited Stoddard and the two other captains to tea. Realizing the community was still vulnerable to attack, Prescott and his son lied to the privateers that Commander Creighton at Lunenburg had sent 100 soldiers to be billeted at Chester that evening. Upon the privateers' retreat to their vessels, Captain Jacob Millett led women and children marching in red colours, pretending to be British soldiers from Lunenburg. The privateers left Chester to raid Lunenburg the following day. [10]

Aftermath

Chester Blockhouse Cannons, Chester Legion, Chester, Nova Scotia Chester Cannons, Chester, Nova Scotia.jpg
Chester Blockhouse Cannons, Chester Legion, Chester, Nova Scotia
Raid on Chester, Street Banner, Chester, Nova Scotia Street Banner, Raid on Chester, Chester, Nova Scotia.jpg
Raid on Chester, Street Banner, Chester, Nova Scotia

The day after the raid on Chester, the American privateers redirected their attack on Lunenburg, presumably believing the Lunenburg militia had left the town to defend Chester.

Jonathan Prescott was suspected of being an American Patriot sympathizer given that, after the initial hostile engagement, he reportedly allowed Captain Noah Stoddard to bury his dead and then had tea with him the day before Stoddard orchestrated the raid on Lunenburg. People were also suspicious of Prescott's allegiance, because a number of Dr. Prescott's family were Patriots in the American Revolution; his nephew Samuel had ridden with Paul Revere. Samuel eventually was taken prisoner to Halifax where he is reported to have died during the war. Jonathan named one of his sons after Samuel and he is buried at the Old Burying Ground in Halifax. [11] Jonathan's son Joseph joined the Continental Army, fought at Fort Ticonderoga, and was a founding member of the Society of the Cincinnati. [12] [13] Another of Dr. Prescott's sons John fought in the Battle of Lexington. His other son was Charles Ramage Prescott.

After the war, Jonathan Prescott was given the blockhouse, the modern-day Wisteria Cottage House, and used it as his home. [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

Chester, Nova Scotia Town on the South Shore of Nova Scotia

Chester is a village on the Chester Peninsula, Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada. The nearby waters of Mahone Bay and its numerous islands are well known for yachting and have made the Chester Yacht Club into a cruising destination. A provincial ferry from the village provides a schedule of daily trips to Big Tancook Island and Little Tancook Island.

Mather Byles DesBrisay was a Canadian lawyer, judge, politician, and historian in the Province of Nova Scotia whose collections form the DesBrisay Museum in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia.

Dettlieb Christopher Jessen Canadian politician

Dettlieb Christopher Jessen was one of the founding fathers of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, and helped the village through Father Le Loutre's War, the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. He was German born. After his emigration to Canada, he became a militia leader, judge, and politician in Nova Scotia. His first name also appears as "Detleff". He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1785 to 1793.

Capture of the <i>Young Teazer</i>

Young Teazer was a United States privateer schooner that captured 12 British vessels, five of which made it to American ports. A member of her crew blew her up at Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia during the War of 1812 after a series of British warships chased her and after HMS Hogue trapped her. The schooner became famous for this deadly explosion, which killed most of her crew, and for the folklore about the ghostly "Teazer Light."

John Creighton (judge)

John Creighton was one of the founding fathers of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. He led the settlement through the turbulent times of Father Le Loutre's War, the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1770 to 1775. After establishing the town, he lived the rest of his life in the village until he died fifty-four years later.

Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1782) 1782 battle of the American Revolutionary War

The Raid on Lunenburg occurred during the American Revolution when the US privateer, Captain Noah Stoddard of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, and four other privateer vessels attacked the British settlement at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia on July 1, 1782. The raid was the last major privateer attack on a Nova Scotia community during the war.

Battle off Halifax (1782) Naval battle in American Revolutionary War

The Battle off Halifax took place on 28 May 1782 during the American Revolutionary War. It involved the American privateer Jack and the 14-gun Royal Naval brig HMS Observer off Halifax, Nova Scotia. Captain David Ropes commanded Jack, and Lieutenant John Crymes commanded Observer. The battle was "a long and severe engagement" in which Captain David Ropes was killed.

Lunenburg campaign (1758)

The Lunenburg campaign was executed by the Mi'kmaq militia and Acadian militia against the Foreign Protestants who the British had settled on the Lunenburg Peninsula during the French and Indian War. The British deployed Joseph Gorham and his Rangers along with Captain Rudolf Faesch and regular troops of the 60th Regiment of Foot to defend Lunenburg. The campaign was so successful, by November 1758, the members of the House of Assembly for Lunenburg stated "they received no benefit from His Majesty's Troops or Rangers" and required more protection.

Noah Stoddard

Captain Noah Stoddard (1755–1850) of Fairhaven, Massachusetts was an American privateer who distinguished himself during the American Revolution by leading the Raid on Lunenburg (1782). In the raid, Stoddard led four other privateer vessels and attacked the British settlement at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia on July 1, 1782. In Nova Scotia, the assault on Lunenburg was the most spectacular raid of the war.

HMS <i>Blonde</i> (1760) Warship of the British Royal Navy

HMS Blonde was a 32-gun fifth-rate warship of the British Royal Navy captured from the French in 1760. The ship wrecked on Blonde Rock with American prisoners on board. An American privateer captain, Daniel Adams, rescued the American prisoners and let the British go free. The captain's decision created an international stir. Upon returning to Boston, the American privateer was banished for letting go the British crew and he and his family became Loyalist refugees in Nova Scotia.

St. Johns Anglican Church (Lunenburg)

St. John's Anglican Church was the first church established in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Canada (1753). It is the second Church of England built in Nova Scotia, and is the second oldest continuous Protestant church in present-day Canada. Early on 1 November 2001, St. John's church suffered significant damage by fire. It was restored and re-dedicated June 12, 2005.

Jonathan Prescott British military officer

Dr. Jonathan Prescott was a British officer who fought at the Siege of Louisbourg (1745), became the Captain of the militia at Chester, Nova Scotia and later was involved with the Raid on Chester, Nova Scotia (1782). He was the father of Charles Ramage Prescott and uncle of Dr. Samuel Prescott who finished the "midnight ride" begun by Paul Revere.

Herbert Woodbury

Herbert Woodberry (1745–1809) was an American privateer from Beverly, Massachusetts who was in command of the Brigantine Hope in the Raid on Lunenburg (1782). Woodberry and his crew also have the rare distinction of being captured by the British only to escape and then recapture their own ship and seize their captors.

Battle of Blomindon

The Battle of Blomindon took place on 21 May 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. The naval battle involved three armed U.S. privateer vessels against three Nova Scotian vessels off Cape Split, Nova Scotia. American Privateers caught two Nova Scotia Vessels. The first Nova Scotia vessel was re-captured by Lieut Benjamin Belcher. The second Nova Scotia vessel was overtaken by the captured crew under the command of Captain Bishop. The privateers were taken to Cornwallis and put on trial.

Raid on Annapolis Royal (1781)

The Raid on Annapolis Royal took place on 29 August 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. The raid involved two American privateers - the Resolution and the Reprisal - attacking and pillaging Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia in revenge of the defeat of the Penobscot Expedition. The privateers took captive the commander of the militia John Ritchie, described as the "Governor of Annapolis." One historian described it as "one of the most daring and dramatic raids upon Nova Scotia."

Battle off Liverpool, Nova Scotia (1778)

The Battle off Liverpool took place on 24 April 1778 during the American Revolutionary War. The raid involved the British vessel HMS Blonde and the French 24-gun frigate Duc de Choiseul.

Battle off Yarmouth (1777)

The Battle off Yarmouth took place on 28 March 1777 during the American Revolutionary War off the coast of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. The battle is the first American armed vessel to engage the British Navy. The British vessel HMS Milford forced the American USS Cabot aground and the American crew escaped among the inhabitants of Yarmouth.

Nova Scotia in the American Revolution

The Province of Nova Scotia was heavily involved in the American Revolutionary War (1776–1783). At that time, Nova Scotia also included present-day New Brunswick until that colony was created in 1784. The Revolution had a significant impact on shaping Nova Scotia, "almost the 14th American Colony". At the beginning, there was ambivalence in Nova Scotia over whether the colony should join the Americans in the war against Britain. Largely as a result of American privateer raids on Nova Scotia villages, as the war continued, the population of Nova Scotia solidified their support for the British. Nova Scotians were also influenced to remain loyal to Britain by the presence of British military units, judicial prosecution by the Nova Scotia Governors and the efforts of Reverend Henry Alline.

The Battle off Halifax took place on 10 July 1780 during the American Revolutionary War. The British privateer Resolution fought the American privateer Viper and heavy casualties were suffered by both sides. The battle was "one of the bloodiest battles in the history of privateering.... a loss of 51 lives in a single battle was virtually unheard of."

Ephraim Cook (mariner)

Ephraim Cook (Cooke) was a mariner and prominent merchant who was instrumental in establishing Halifax, Mahone Bay, Blockhouse and Chebogue, Nova Scotia. He also participated in the French and Indian War, including the Expulsion of the Acadians. He was the first Registrar of Deeds (1767) and the first Justice of the Peace in Yarmouth County.

References

  1. Capt. John Tibbets (1748–1786)
  2. Eastman, pp. 61–63
  3. Captain Noah Stoddard died in New Bedford, January 29, 1850, aged 95; a soldier of the Revolution.
  4. p.7
  5. History and genealogy of the Houghton family [microform]. 1896. ISBN   9780665084522.
  6. Note: DesBrisay references Jacob; however, he would have only been age 3. The person in question is more likely to have been Jacob's father, George Millett.
  7. Benjamin Franklin also engaged France in the war, which meant that many of the privateers were also from France.
  8. Raids happened at Liverpool: October 1776, March 1777, September 1777, May 1778, and September 1780; and on Annapolis Royal in 1781. Roger Marsters (2004). Bold Privateers: Terror, Plunder and Profit on Canada's Atlantic Coast, pp. 87–89 ISBN   0887806449
  9. "Chester Legion Cannons".
  10. The History of the County of Lunenburg, pp. 270–71
  11. The Prescott memorial, or, A genealogical memoir, p. 86
  12. p. 85
  13. "Dr Jonathan Prescott IV (1725-1807) - Find A Grave Memorial". Find a Grave .
  14. History of the County of Lunenburg, p. 263

Bibliography

Primary documents

Further reading