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The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions.
In law, certiorari is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. Certiorari comes from the name of an English prerogative writ, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of the lower court be sent to the superior court for review. The term is Latin for "to be made certain", and comes from the opening line of such writs, which traditionally began with the Latin words "Certiorari volumus...".
The Supreme Court of Texas (SCOTX) is the court of last resort for civil matters in the U.S. state of Texas. A different court, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (CCA), is the court of last resort in criminal matters.
On October 3, 2005, Harriet Miers was nominated for Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court by President George W. Bush to replace retired Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. Miers was, at the time, White House Counsel, and had previously served in several roles both during Bush's tenure as Governor of Texas and President.
Nathan Lincoln Hecht is the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Texas. A Republican from Dallas, Hecht was first elected to the Supreme Court in 1988 and was reelected to six-year terms in 1994, 2000 and 2006. He secured his fifth six-year term on November 6, 2012. He was appointed chief justice by Governor Rick Perry on September 10, 2013, and was sworn into that position by retiring Chief Justice Wallace B. Jefferson on October 1, 2013.
José de Jesús González Gallo (1900–1957) was a Mexican lawyer and politician who served as Governor of Jalisco.
Raúl González, known as Raúl, is a retired Spanish footballer.
The People's Supreme Court(Tribunal Supremo Popular) is the highest body of judicial power in Cuba. It is elected by, and accountable to, the National Assembly of People's Power. The judiciary are independent from the executive branch, as all judges on every level are elected by the National Assembly; the provincial judges by provincial assemblies and the municipal judges by municipal assemblies. The current court dates to 1973 and replaced the earlier Supreme Court of Cuba c. 1898.
The Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia in Bogotá is the highest judicial body in civil and penal matters and issues of criminal and civil procedure in Colombia. The Supreme Court of Colombia is the highest authority in regard to the interpretation of administrative law, constitutional law, and the administration of the judiciary.
Hubert Utterback served very briefly on the Iowa Supreme Court, then was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives, serving only one term.
Raul Maravilla Gonzalez was the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel and was the Secretary of Justice of the Philippines. He was replaced by Agnes Devanadera in 2009 from the orders of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
The Supreme Court of Costa Rica is the court of greater hierarchy of Law and Justice in Costa Rica.
Steven Charles González is an American lawyer and jurist who has served as the Chief Justice of the Washington Supreme Court since January 11, 2021. He was appointed as an associate justice by Governor Christine Gregoire and took office on January 1, 2012. González replaced Justice Gerry L. Alexander, who retired upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75.
The Judiciary of California or the Judicial Branch of California is defined under the California Constitution as holding the judicial power of the state of California which is vested in the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal and the Superior Courts. The judiciary has a hierarchical structure with the California Supreme Court at the top, California Courts of Appeal as the primary appellate courts, and the California Superior Courts as the primary trial courts.
Thomas D. Waterman is a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court.
Brian Boatright is an American lawyer and judge, who is the chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court. He previously served as a judge on the Colorado District Court from 1999 to 2011.
Rose Spector is a lawyer and judge based in Texas. In 1992, she became the first woman to be elected to the state's highest court.
James Chiun-Yue Ho is a Taiwanese-born American lawyer and jurist serving as a U.S. circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
George Richard Bevan is an American attorney and jurist who currently is the chief justice of Idaho. He previously served as an Idaho district court judge from 2003 until 2017, when he was appointed to the supreme court.
References
- ↑ "Raul A. Gonzalez, Jr. (b. 1940)". University of Texas, Tarlton Law Library.
- ↑ "Supreme Court Judicial Election History". State of Texas Judicial Branch. State of Texas Judicial Branch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
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