Re-election (Football League)

Last updated

The re-election system of the Football League, in use until 1986, was a process by which the worst-placed clubs in the League had to reapply for their place, while non-League clubs could apply for a place. It was the only way for a non-League side to enter the Football League until direct promotion and relegation was introduced from the 1986–87 season onwards. The clubs placed on a re-election rank at the end of a season had to face their Football League peers at the Annual General Meeting of the League. At the AGM the league members had the choice to either vote to retain the current league members, or allow entry to the League for non-League clubs which had applied. [1]

Contents

Re-election existed as early as 1890 when Stoke City failed to retain their Football League status. [2] During the first five seasons of the League, that is, until the season 1893–94, re-election process involved the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the League. From the 1894–95 season and until the 1920–21 season the re-election process was required of the clubs which finished in the bottom three of the league. [3] From the 1921–22 season on, it was used for the two last-placed teams of each of the Third Division North and South. After the formation of the Fourth Division in 1958, it applied to the bottom four clubs of that division.

The club which had to undergo the largest number of re-election campaigns, Hartlepool United, with fourteen between 1924 and 1984, was never voted out of the league [1] [4] but a small number of other clubs were, the last of those being Workington in 1977 and Southport in 1978, who lost their league places to Wimbledon and Wigan Athletic respectively.

History

Third Division North and South

The southern group of the Third Division was established in 1920, with the northern group following the next year. The two regional third tier leagues existed in parallel until 1958 when the national Fourth Division was established. [5]

In that era, Walsall faced the most re-election campaigns - seven. Clubs that lost their league place during that time were Aberdare Athletic (1927), Durham City (1928), Ashington (1929), Merthyr Town (1930), Newport County (1931), Nelson (1931), Gillingham (1938) and New Brighton (1951). [2] [4]

The following clubs had to face the re-election process during the Third Division North and South era: [4]

ClubNoVoted outNotes
Walsall 7
Exeter City 6
Halifax Town 6
Newport County 61931Lost league place to Mansfield Town but was re-elected to the league in 1932
Accrington Stanley 5
Barrow 5
Gillingham 51938Lost league place to Ipswich Town but was re-elected to the league in 1950
New Brighton 51951Lost league place to Workington
Southport 5
Rochdale 4
Norwich City 4
Crystal Palace 3
Crewe Alexandra 3
Darlington 3
Hartlepools United 3
Merthyr Town 31930Lost league place to Thames
Swindon Town 3
Aberdare Athletic 21927Lost league place to Torquay United
Aldershot 2
Ashington 21929Lost league place to York City
A.F.C. Bournemouth 2
Brentford 2
Chester City 2
Colchester United 2
Durham City 21928Lost league place to Carlisle United
Millwall 2
Nelson 21931Lost league place to Chester City
Queens Park Rangers 2
Rotherham United 2
Southend United 2
Tranmere Rovers 2
Watford 2
Workington 2
Bradford City 1
Bradford (Park Avenue) 1
Brighton & Hove Albion 1
Bristol Rovers 1
Cardiff City 1
Carlisle United 1
Charlton Athletic 1
Gateshead 1
Grimsby Town 1
Mansfield Town 1
Shrewsbury Town 1
Torquay United 1
York City 1

The era of the North and South sections of the Third Division saw many clubs face the first of many threats to their league status which would continue in the days of the Fourth Division from 1958-59 onwards, while at the same time a number of clubs previously more familiar with higher territory were faced with the threat of losing their league status. One of the first examples of this was Bradford City, who had been FA Cup winners in 1911 and First Division members as late as 1922, but finished bottom of the Third Division North in 1949 and had to apply for re-election to the Football League.

Norwich City had to apply for re-election to the Football League four times between 1931 and 1957, but this was soon followed by an upturn in fortunes which included a run to the FA Cup semi-finals in 1959, promotion to the Second Division a year later, Football League Cup glory in 1962, and promotion to the First Division for the first time in 1972. Since then, the club has spent all but one of its seasons in the league's highest two divisions, winning a further League Cup in 1985, winning promotion to the top flight of English football a further six times and finishing in the top five of the English league three times, as well as competing in the UEFA Cup once. By 2016, Norwich had spent a total 22 seasons in the top flight.

Crystal Palace were another club who faced the threat of losing their league status during this era, only to retain their membership and go on to survive and prosper in the Football League. After having to apply for re-election three times between 1949 and 1956, Palace reached the First Division for the first time in 1969 and survived there for four seasons. Palace reached the First Division again in 1979 and survived for two seasons on this occasion. A third promotion to the top flight in 1989 was followed by an FA Cup final appearance the following season and a third place finish a year later. 2023-24 will be Palace's 25th season overall in the top flight of English football.

Fourth Division

England location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Green pog.svg
Green pog.svg
Green pog.svg
Green pog.svg
Green pog.svg
The north-south shift of Football League clubs during the Fourth Division re-election era: Red dots indicate clubs not re-elected, green dots clubs that were elected in their stead.

The Fourth Division was established in 1958 out of the bottom clubs of the two groups of the Third Division. The bottom four of the Fourth Division had to face re-election on an annual basis. [5]

In this era, 32 clubs had to face the re-election process in 28 seasons. Of those, five failed to gain re-election: Gateshead (1960), Bradford (Park Avenue) (1970), Barrow (1972), Workington (1977) and Southport (1978). Elected in their stead were Peterborough United, Cambridge United, Hereford United, Wimbledon and Wigan Athletic. [4] Geographically, all newly elected clubs were located further south than the club they replaced, a shift away from the more remote parts of northern England to the south.

Of those, Gateshead was the first to lose its league place, after only two seasons in the Fourth Division. The club had joined the Football League in 1930 and faced a successful re-election campaign in 1937. The club was convinced it would be re-elected, especially with Southport making their third consecutive re-election bid. In the end, on 28 May 1960, Gateshead only achieved 18 votes, with Southport the next lowest at 29. Gateshead lost their league place to Peterborough United who made their 21st attempt at entry into the Football League. [6]

Gateshead was followed ten years later by former First Division side Bradford Park Avenue. The club had been a league member since 1908 and had faced re-election five times before, being successful in 1956, 1958, 1967, 1968 and 1969. Faced with the process for the fourth year running in 1970, the club received only 17 votes and dropped out of the league while Cambridge United was voted in with 31. Unsuccessful, Wigan Athletic even achieved a higher vote then Bradford Park Avenue, reaching 18. [7]

Two seasons later, Barrow was replaced by Hereford United [4] Barrow would not regain their Football League status until 2020.

A five-year break followed before Workington was voted out of the league in 1977. The club had only joined the league in 1951, being voted in at the expense of New Brighton which they beat by ten votes. [8] Workington faced two successful re-election campaigns in its first two seasons in the league but then did not have to apply again from 1953 to 1974. After three more successful campaigns in 1974, 1975 and 1976 the club's league membership came to an end on 17 June 1977 when Wimbledon received 27 votes and Workington only 21, finishing fifth in the tally. [9]

The last club to lose their Football League status through a vote was Southport, who were voted out in favour of Wigan Athletic in 1978. Southport was tied with Wigan on 26 votes and a second round between the two was necessary which Wigan carried by nine votes. [1]

No club was voted out in the following eight seasons until 1986, after which the system was abandoned in favour of direct promotion between the Football League and the Football Conference. [4] On 23 May 1986, the last time a re-election vote was held, Exeter City, Cambridge United, Preston North End and Torquay United had their league places confirmed while Enfield was denied a place in the league. [10]

The following clubs had to face the re-election process during the Fourth Division era: [4]

ClubNoVoted outNotes
Hartlepool United 11Known as Hartlepools United until 1968, and then Hartlepool F.C. until 1977
Crewe Alexandra 7
Barrow 61972Lost league place to Hereford United. Promoted back into the Football League in 2020.
Halifax Town 6
Rochdale 6
Southport 61978Lost league place to Wigan Athletic
York City 6
Chester City 5
Darlington 5
Lincoln City 5
Stockport County 5
Workington 51977Lost league place to Wimbledon
Bradford (Park Avenue) 41970Lost league place to Cambridge United
Newport County 4
Northampton Town 4
Doncaster Rovers 3
Hereford United 3
Bradford City 2
Exeter City 2
Oldham Athletic 2
Scunthorpe United 2
Torquay United 2
Aldershot 1
Blackpool 1
Cambridge United 1
Colchester United 1
Gateshead 11960Lost league place to Peterborough United
Grimsby Town 1
Preston North End 1
Swansea City 1
Tranmere Rovers 1
Wrexham 1

Between 1958 and 1986, many of the teams faced with re-election to the Football League after finishing in the bottom four of the Fourth Division were among those who had faced this threat while members of the regionalised Third Division. However, several clubs more familiar with the higher reaches of English football were also faced with the re-election process.

Bradford Park Avenue, who had played in the First Division during the 1914-15 season and for two seasons after the resumption of league football following World War I, were voted out of the Football League in 1970 and replaced by Cambridge United.

Oldham Athletic, who spent nine seasons in the First Division leading up to 1923 and had been league runners-up in 1915, had to apply for re-election at the end of the first two campaigns of the new Fourth Division.

Two even more recently successful clubs were faced with having to apply for re-election during the final years of the system. Blackpool, FA Cup winners in 1953 and First Division members as recently as 1971, had to apply for re-election in 1983, as did Preston North End, who had won the first two Football League titles in 1889 and 1890, as well as winning the FA Cup as late as 1938 and playing in the First Division as late as 1961.

Hartlepool United had to apply for re-election 11 times in 28 seasons after finishing in the bottom four of the Fourth Division, but were successful every time.

Related Research Articles

The Football League Fourth Division was the fourth-highest division in the English football league system from the 1958–59 season until the creation of the Premier League prior to the 1992–93 season. Following the creation of the Premier League, the fourth tier of English football was renamed the Football League Third Division, before being rebranded as Football League Two in 2004.

Gateshead United Football Club was a football club based in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. The club was established in South Shields in 1936 as a replacement for the club that had relocated to Gateshead in 1930. Like their predecessor, the club was relocated to Gateshead in 1974 after the former club went bust. Renamed Gateshead United, they folded three years later.

The 1930–31 season was the 39th season of The Football League.

The 1958–59 season was the 60th completed season of The Football League.

The 1959–60 season was the 61st completed season of The Football League.

The 1967–68 season was the 69th completed season of the English Football League.

The 1969–70 season was the 71st completed season of The Football League.

The 1976–77 season was the 78th completed season of The Football League.

The 1955–56 season was the 57th completed season of The Football League. Both major football honours went to Manchester this year, with United winning the First Division title and City bringing home the FA Cup.

The 1957–58 season was the 59th completed season of The Football League. The first division title went to Wolverhampton Wanderers for the second time, while Sunderland were relegated to the second division for the first time in the club's history, after 57 consecutive seasons in the top flight of English football. The season was marred by the Munich air disaster, in which eight Manchester United players died as a result of the crash with two others suffering career-ending injuries. Manchester United were chasing a hat-trick of league championships, but they dropped 21 points in 14 matches after the Munich crash and finished 21 points behind the champions Wolves.

The 1977–78 season was the 79th completed season of The Football League.

The 1984–85 season was the 86th completed season of The Football League.

The 1951–52 season was the 53rd completed season of The Football League.

The 1952–53 season was the 54th completed season of The Football League.

The 1953–54 season was the 55th completed season of The Football League, which ran from August 1953 until April 1954.

The 1954–55 season was the 56th completed season of The Football League.

The 1976–77 Northern Premier League was the ninth season of the Northern Premier League, a regional football league in Northern England, the northern areas of the Midlands and North Wales. The season began on 21 August 1976 and concluded on 20 May 1977.

The 1977–78 Northern Premier League was the tenth season of the Northern Premier League, a regional football league in Northern England, the northern areas of the Midlands and North Wales. The season began on 21 August 1976 and concluded on 7 May 1978.

The 1978–79 season was the 41st season in the history of Wigan Athletic F.C. and their first as a professional club in the Football League. After finishing 2nd in the Northern Premier League during the previous season, the club was nominated to apply for Football League status, and were elected into the league to replace Southport. After a poor start, the club exceeded expectations in the league, and towards the end of the season, a second consecutive promotion seemed possible. The club eventually fell short, finishing the season in 6th place with a total of 55 points.

Gateshead Association Football Club was a football club based in Gateshead, County Durham, England. The club was formed in South Shields in 1899 as South Shields Adelaide Athletic. After success in the North Eastern League prior to World War I, they were voted into the Football League in 1919. Financial problems in the late 1920s saw the club relocate to Gateshead in 1930, adopting the name of their new town. They remained in the Football League until 1960, when they were surprisingly voted out of the Football League and replaced by Peterborough United, despite not having had to apply for re-election since 1937. They subsequently played in regional leagues before folding in 1973. In order to replace them, another South Shields club was then moved to Gateshead, becoming Gateshead United.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Football League Re-Election www.poolstats.co.uk, accessed: 13 July 2012
  2. 1 2 Promotion to/Relegation from the Football League by year www.thepyramid.info, accessed: 13 July 2012
  3. Ian Laschke: Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888–89 to 1978–79. MacDonald and Jane’s, London & Sydney, 1980.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rothmans 2002–03, p. 584
  5. 1 2 Rothmans 2002–03, p. 581
  6. Twydell, p. 160 & 161
  7. Twydell, p. 94
  8. Twydell, p. 273
  9. Twydell, p. 282
  10. Rothmans 1986–87, p. 31

Sources