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The term bioarchaeology has been attributed to British archaeologist Grahame Clark who,in 1972,defined it as the study of animal and human bones from archaeological sites. Redefined in 1977 by Jane Buikstra,bioarchaeology in the United States now refers to the scientific study of human remains from archaeological sites,a discipline known in other countries as osteoarchaeology,osteology or palaeo-osteology. Compared to bioarchaeology,osteoarchaeology is the scientific study that solely focus on the human skeleton. The human skeleton is used to tell us about health,lifestyle,diet,mortality and physique of the past. Furthermore,palaeo-osteology is simple the study of ancient bones.
Jane Ellen Buikstra is an American anthropologist and bioarchaeologist. Her 1977 article on the biological dimensions of archaeology coined and defined the field of bioarchaeology in the US as the application of biological anthropological methods to the study of archaeological problems. Throughout her career,she has authored over 20 books and 150 articles. Buikstra's current research focuses on an analysis of the Phaleron cemetery near Athens,Greece.
Robert Laurens Kelly is an American anthropologist who is a professor at the University of Wyoming. As a professor,he has taught introductory Archaeology as well as upper-level courses focused in Hunter-Gathers,North American Archaeology,Lithic Analysis,and Human Behavioral Ecology. Kelly's interest in archaeology began when he was a sophomore in high school in 1973. His first experience in fieldwork was an excavation of Gatecliff Rockshelter,a prehistoric site in central Nevada. Since then,Kelly has been involved with archaeology and has dedicated the majority of his work to the ethnology,ethnography,and archaeology of foraging peoples,which include research on lithic technology,initial colonization of the New World,evolutionary ecology of hunter-gatherers,and archaeological method and theory. He has been involved in research projects throughout the United States and in Chile,where he studied the remains of the Inca as well as coastal shell middens,and Madagascar,where in order to learn about farmer-forager society,Kelly has participated in ethnoarchaeological research. A majority of his work has been carried out in the Great Basin,but after moving to Wyoming in 1997 he has shifted his research to the rockshelters in the southwest Wyoming and the Bighorn Mountains.
Helena Francisca Hamerow,is an American archaeologist,best known for her work on the archeology of early medieval communities in Northwestern Europe. She is Professor of Early Medieval archaeology and former Head of the School of Archaeology,University of Oxford.
George J. Armelagos was an American anthropologist,and Goodrich C. White Professor of Anthropology at Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia. Armelagos significantly impacted the field of physical anthropology and biological anthropology. His work has provided invaluable contributions to the theoretical and methodological understanding human disease,diet and human variation within an evolutionary context. Relevant topics include epidemiology,paleopathology,paleodemography,bioarchaeology,evolutionary medicine,and the social interpretations of race,among others.
Charlotte Ann Roberts,FBA is a British archaeologist,academic and former nurse. She is a bioarchaeologist and palaeopathologist,whose research focuses on health and the evolution of infectious disease in humans. From 2004 to 2020,she was Professor of Archaeology at Durham University:she is now professor emeritus.
Medieval Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains recovered from medieval archaeological sites. Bioarchaeology aims to understand populations through the analysis of human skeletal remains and this application of bioarchaeology specifically aims to understand medieval populations. There is an interest in the Medieval Period when it comes to bioarchaeology,because of how differently people lived back then as opposed to now,in regards to not only their everyday life,but during times of war and famine as well. The biology and behavior of those that lived in the Medieval Period can be analyzed by understanding their health and lifestyle choices.
Clark Spencer Larsen is an American biological anthropologist,author,and educator. His work focuses on bioarchaeology,the study of human remains from archaeological settings. Although his interests span the entire record of human evolution,his research largely pertains to the last 10,000 years,a period of dynamic change in health,well-being,and lifestyle,much of which relates to population increase,overcrowding,and nutritional decline that co-occurred with the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture,creating living conditions that humans are grappling with to the present day.
Hallie Ruth Buckley is a New Zealand bioarchaeologist and professor at the University of Otago.
Kristina Killgrove is an American bioarchaeologist,science communicator,and author who primarily covers anthropology and archaeology news and engages in research on ancient Roman skeletons. She is a regular contributor to Live Science and previously to Mental Floss,Science Uncovered, and Forbes. From 2012 to 2018,she was faculty in anthropology at the University of West Florida and she has maintained an affiliation as a research scholar at the Ronin Institute since 2011. She is currently affiliated with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Janet Montgomery is a British archaeological scientist and academic. Having studied at the University of Bradford,she is now Professor of Bioarchaeology at Durham University. She specialises in the study of diet and migration via tooth enamel biomineralization and isotope analysis.
Monica Louise Smith is an American archaeologist,anthropologist,and historian of ancient cities and their household activities. She is Professor and Navin and Pratima Doshi Chair in Indian Studies in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California,Los Angeles.
Mary Lewis is Professor of Bioarchaeology at the University of Reading. After completing a PhD in bioarchaeology at the University of Bradford in 1999,Lewis went on to lecture at Bournemouth University (2000–2004) before moving to the University of Reading in 2004. She conducted the first osteological study of a body which has been hanged,drawn,and quartered. Lewis has held editorial roles with the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology,International Journal of Paleopathology,and the American Journal of Biological Anthropology.
Tony Waldron was a British physician and bioarchaeologist specialising in occupational medicine,palaeopathology,and palaeoepidemiology. He was an honorary professor at the UCL Institute of Archaeology,a lecturer in occupational medicine at the London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine,and a consultant physician at University College Hospital and St Mary's Hospital. He wrote a number of books on bioarchaeology,including the widely used textbooks Palaeoepidemiology (2007) and Palaeopathology (2009).
Near Eastern bioarchaeology covers the study of human skeletal remains from archaeological sites in Cyprus,Egypt,Levantine coast,Jordan,Turkey,Iran,Saudi Arabia,Qatar,Kuwait,Bahrain,United Arab Emirates,Oman,and Yemen.
Malin Holst is a German bioarchaeologist,Director of York Ostoearchaeology Ltd. and a lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at the University of York.
The Schalkholz Passage Grave,also known as Schalkholz-Vierth is a megalithic burial site of the Neolithic period and of the Funnelbeaker culture in Vierth,a district of Schalkholz in the province of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. During the late Bronze Age or early Iron Age,it was used for a secondary burial site and was expanded upon. It has the Sprockhoff number 139 and the site number LA 33 or Heide LA 5. The grave was archaeologically investigated in 1969 and 1970 and was afterwards moved to the nearby town of Heide. In 2021 it was moved back to Schalkholz.
Sharon Nell DeWitte is an American bioarchaeologist. She is a professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of South Carolina and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Her research interests include the Black Death.
The archaeology of childhood is an emerging field of study within archaeology that applied anthropology,ethnography,history,sociology,osteology and biological anthropology to the study of the development and lives of juvenile human individuals (children) in past societies from a material perspective.
Siân Ellen Halcrow is a New Zealand academic in the field of biological anthropology,specialising in infant and child health and disease in the past. She is a professor in the department of anatomy at the University of Otago.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Professor R Gowland - Durham University". www.dur.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
- 1 2 3 "Meet the Team | Antiquity Journal". antiquity.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
- 1 2 "Rebecca Gowland". The Conversation. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
- ↑ "Small Research Grants - Past Awards: 2013-14". The British Academy. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
- ↑ "Gowland, Rebecca Louise | The Wenner-Gren Foundation". www.wennergren.org. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
- ↑ "Editorial Board". journals.upress.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
- ↑ "The Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past". www.sscip.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
- ↑ Gowland, Rebecca (2017). "Embodied Identities in Roman Britain: A Bioarchaeological Approach". Britannia. 48: 177–194. doi:10.1017/S0068113X17000125. ISSN 0068-113X.
- ↑ Gowland, Rebecca; Redfern, Rebecca (2010-09-01). "Childhood Health in the Roman World: Perspectives from the Centre and Margin of the Empire". Childhood in the Past. 3 (1): 15–42. doi:10.1179/cip.2010.3.1.15. ISSN 1758-5716. S2CID 129856590.
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