Renault Alpine A442

Last updated
Renault Alpine A442/A443
Renault Alpine V6.jpg
The Renault Alpine A442B, wearing the bubble canopy.
Category Group 6 sports prototype
Constructor Alpine/Renault
Designer(s) François Castaing
Bernard Dudot
Predecessor Alpine A441
Technical specifications
Chassis Aluminium-reinforced steel spaceframe
Suspension (front) Double wishbone
Suspension (rear) Double wishbone
Engine Renault-Gordini 1997 cc 90° V6 turbo, mid-mounted
Transmission Hewland TL200 5-speed manual
Fuel Elf
Tyres Michelin
Competition history
Notable entrants Renault Sport
Notable drivers Flag of France.svg Gérard Larrousse
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jabouille
Flag of France.svg Henri Pescarolo
Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg Jody Scheckter
Flag of France.svg Didier Pironi
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jaussaud
Flag of France.svg Patrick Tambay
Flag of France.svg Jacques Laffite
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jarier
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Derek Bell
Flag of France.svg René Arnoux
Debut 1975 Mugello 1000 km
Wins F/Laps
21

The Renault Alpine A442 (also known as the Alpine Renault A442 [1] ) is a sports prototype racing car, designed and built by Alpine, but funded and powered by Alpine's owners Renault, specifically to contest the 24 Hours of Le Mans race. Variants were entered for the event in 1976, 1977 and 1978. An A442B finally won the race on the third occasion, in the hands of Didier Pironi and Jean-Pierre Jaussaud. Also entered in 1978 was the updated Renault Alpine A443 model; essentially an A442 chassis, but powered by a new 2138 cc engine. Following this all-French victory in the premier French motorsport event, Renault withdrew from sports car racing to concentrate their efforts in Formula One.

Contents

Design

Alpine had been working with increasingly close ties to Renault since 1971, and by the beginning of the A442 project in 1975 the two companies were almost completely merged. Renault finally bought Alpine outright in early 1976, Renault inheriting Alpine's sports prototype program. The A442 was a direct evolution of the successful Alpine A440 and title-winning A441 models. However, unlike the previous cars, the A442's 2.0L Renault-Gordini powerplant boasted a large Garrett turbocharger, pushing power output to 490 bhp (365 kW). Over the next three years this would increase to well over 500 bhp (370 kW), with the A443's 2.2L unit developing 520 bhp (388 kW).

The 1978 Jarier/Bell A442A, displaying the acrylic bubble canopy introduced for the 1978 24 Hours of Le Mans race Renault Alpine A442 n3 (1978) pic1.JPG
The 1978 Jarier/Bell A442A, displaying the acrylic bubble canopy introduced for the 1978 24 Hours of Le Mans race

In common with the earlier cars, the engine was suspended inside a relatively small steel spaceframe chassis, which was then clothed in a much longer glassfibre body. The extra length of the body was mostly to be found in the tail section, to improve high-speed aerodynamic efficiency, and hence top speed on the long Mulsanne straight at Circuit de la Sarthe. The bodywork was a conventional open two-seater arrangement. Designed as a "hare", to stretch their Porsche 936 rivals to breaking point, the A443 also incorporated a slightly longer wheelbase. Following wind tunnel testing during the autumn and winter of 1977, the A442B and A443 were introduced in 1978 each sporting an acrylic glass "bubble" partial roof, resulting in an additional 8 km/h (5 mph) in top speed at la Sarthe, but reducing visibility from the driving seat. However, during practice for the 1978 Le Mans race, A443 drivers Patrick Depailler and Jean-Pierre Jabouille complained that the bubble made them feel claustrophobic and trapped engine heat inside the cockpit, making driving conditions intolerable. Therefore, only the A442B ever competed with the bubble in place.

By 1978, Gérard Larrousse had moved up from works driver to manage the Renault Sport team. He laid out the team's priorities: win at Le Mans, then focus all attention on repeating the success in Formula One. Renault ploughed a huge budget into developing the A442 into a Le Mans winner. Many hours were spent in testing, particularly using long airport runways to simulate the mechanical and aerodynamic stresses induced on the long, fast Mulsanne Straight. In addition, Renault's engine department went to work on squeezing as much power out of the five-year-old powerplant as was possible. Capacity was upped to 2138 cc, just short of the theoretical 2142 cc limit for turbocharged cars, and this revamped engine was installed into the new, lengthened chassis, becoming the A443.

In full qualifying trim, with the bubble roof, the A443 achieved a top speed of 236 mph (380 km/h) [2] on the Mulsanne Straight, making it the fastest car ever produced by Renault, a record which still stands today and includes all of Renault's F1 entries.

Race history

The A442 made its competition debut in March 1975, at the Mugello 1000 km, with Jabouille and Larrousse, although other sources report the car to be an A441 with the new turbo engine. [3] Despite the relatively underdeveloped turbo addition to the Renault engine, the car lasted long enough for the team to take a surprise win in its very first race. In the 1976 Nürburgring 300 km two Renaults qualified in the front row, [4] only to crash out in the second corner. Subsequent repeated mechanical failures meant that going into the 1976 24 Hours of Le Mans the team had failed to win another race. [4] That run of form was not to change, and the single car entered dropped out with engine failure before half of the 24 hours had elapsed.

Patrick Depailler driving a Renault Alpine A442 in the 1977 24 Hours of Le Mans race Renault Alpine A442 at LeMans 24 hours 1977.jpg
Patrick Depailler driving a Renault Alpine A442 in the 1977 24 Hours of Le Mans race

For the Renault management, success at Le Mans was a huge prestige issue. For the 1977 race the Renault Sport works team fielded three cars, drafted in endurance specialist Derek Bell, and were supported by an additional, privately entered A442. In the intervening period between the two Le Mans starts, the Renault Alpines had taken second and third places in the 500 km ACF race at Dijon-Prenois, as well as second place at the high-speed 4h Monza round. Expectation and publicity levels were high. It was therefore something of an embarrassment when not one of the four cars reached the finishing flag. Renault's yellow and black liveried squad did not compare favourably with the white Martini Racing Porsche 936 and Porsche 935. In both World Championship series of 1976, these reliable, fast cars scored repeated wins.

The 1978 Renault Alpine A443 being demonstrated at Donington Park in 2007 Renault Alpine A443 Donington 2007.jpg
The 1978 Renault Alpine A443 being demonstrated at Donington Park in 2007

At the 1978 24 Hours of Le Mans, their huge development program paid off. Once again, the works team entered three cars: an old A442, renamed A442A; the bubble-canopied A442B; and the A443. A second A442A was entered by Ecurie Calberson. The work carried out since the 1977 race meant that, for once, Renault was on a par with the dominant Porsche 936 turbo cars, which had been improved, and the two manufacturers shared the first four rows of the grid equally. The Porsche 935/78 Moby Dick, which due to its aerodynamic layout and 800 horsepower achieved over 360 km/h on the straight, qualified third, behind the new 936 and the A443.

From the start, the A443 was the class of the field, lapping in under 3 minutes 40 seconds, [5] while the Porsches had planned to do only 3:40 to 3:50. Jabouille took fastest lap at 3:34, which was six seconds slower than in qualifying, before the A443's engine finally broke in the 18th hour. This was the second Renault retirement, after the Bell/Jarier A442A works car had suffered transmission failure at the half-way point. However, Pironi and Jaussaud in the A442B were well placed to inherit the lead. Two 936s had technical problems, the third crashed at 11 am. The pairing held on to the lead for the final few hours, finishing four laps ahead of the second-placed Porsche. The privateer A442A also finished well, taking fourth place behind the two remaining 936s. After the final flag Pironi was too exhausted to climb up to the podium, where Jaussaud took the trophy alone.

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Results in bold indicate pole position. Results in italics indicate fastest lap.

YearEntrantCarClassDriversNo.LapsPos.Class Pos.
1976 Flag of France.svg Renault Sport Renault Alpine A442Gp. 6 3. Flag of France.svg Didier Pironi 19135DNFDNF
Flag of France.svg Guy Fréquelin
Flag of France.svg René Arnoux
1977 Flag of France.svg Équipe Renault Elf Gr. 6 S 3.0 Flag of France.svg Patrick Tambay 7158DNFDNF
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jaussaud
Flag of France.svg Patrick Depailler 8289DNFDNF
Flag of France.svg Jacques Laffite
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jabouille 9257DNFDNF
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Derek Bell
Flag of France.svg J. Haran / H. de Chaunac

(private entrant)

Flag of France.svg Didier Pironi 160DNFDNF
Flag of France.svg René Arnoux
Flag of France.svg Guy Fréquelin
1978 Flag of France.svg Renault Sport Renault Alpine A442BS +2.0 Flag of France.svg Didier Pironi 23691st1st
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jaussaud
Renault Alpine A442A Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Derek Bell 3162DNFDNF
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jarier
Flag of France.svg Equipe Renault Elf Sport Calberson Flag of France.svg Guy Fréquelin 43584th4th
Flag of France.svg Jean Ragnotti
Flag of France.svg José Dolhem
Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Jabouille

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porsche 935</span> Motor vehicle

The Porsche 935 was a race car developed and manufactured by German automaker Porsche. Introduced in 1976 as the factory racing version of the 911 (930) Turbo and prepared for FIA-Group 5 rules, it was an evolution of the Carrera RSR 2.1 turbo prototype, the second place overall finisher in the 1974 24 Hours of Le Mans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-Pierre Jabouille</span> French former racing driver (born 1942)

Jean-Pierre Alain Jabouille is a French former racing driver. He raced in 55 Formula One Grands Prix, collecting two wins during the first years of Renault's turbocharged programme in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Jabouille also raced the 24 Hours of Le Mans from the late 1960s to the early 1990s, driving for Alpine, Matra, Sauber and Peugeot and collecting four 3rd overall finishes in 1973, 1974, 1992 and 1993. Jabouille was one of the last of a breed of Formula One drivers who were also engineers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolf Stommelen</span> German racing driver

Rolf Johann Stommelen was a racing driver from Siegen, Germany. He participated in 63 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, achieving one podium, and scored a total of 14 championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1982 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1982 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 50th Grand Prix of Endurance, which took place on 19 and 20 June 1982. It was also the fourth round of the 1982 World Endurance Championship. As well as a significant anniversary, this was a watershed year for Le Mans, with the highly anticipated advent of the FIA's Group C regulations, the essence of which was to allow an open engine formula but a minimum weight for safety and a proscribed fuel allocation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1981 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1981 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 49th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 13 and 14 June 1981. It was also the eighth round of the World Endurance Championship of Drivers, and the fifth round of the World Championship for Makes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1980 24 Hours of Le Mans</span> 24-hour race

The 1980 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 48th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 14 and 15 June 1980. It was the seventh round of both the World Championship for Makes and World Challenge for Endurance Drivers. With neither the Porsche nor Renault works teams contesting the big Group 6 sports-cars for outright victory, it left the prospects open for a privateer victory from Joest, Rondeau or De Cadenet, or from Group 5 again, if they were to fail. The wet weather throughout the race further added to the uncertainty, reducing the advantage of the more powerful cars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1979 24 Hours of Le Mans</span> 24-Hour-Race

The 1979 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 47th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 9 and 10 June 1979. With no other major works cars this year, the Porsche team were the strong favourites to win. Their competition would be from Cosworth-powered Mirages and Rondeaus and a swarm of Group 5 and IMSA-class Porsche 935s. The other big talking point was the presence of Hollywood actor Paul Newman, driving for Dick Barbour Racing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1978 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1978 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 46th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 10 and 11 June 1978. In many ways it was a continuation of the race from the year before – the two main protagonists would be the very evenly-matched works teams of Alpine-Renault and Porsche, with four cars each. The race was not valid for any championship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1977 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1977 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 45th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 11 and 12 June 1977. The second year of the FIA Group 5 and Group 6 regulations, it produced an exciting race right up to the end. Porsche had withdrawn from the Group 6 Championship, citing a lack of broad competition. Renault, before their move into Formula 1, decided to put its main racing focus for the year onto Le Mans. The two works teams were the pre-race favourites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1976 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1976 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 44th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 12 and 13 June 1976. This year the FIA introduced its new Group 5 and Group 6 regulations and the race was now open to nine distinct classes, although it was still not part of the World Championship seasons. Porsche introduced its new models, the 936 in Group 6, the 935 in Group 5 and the 934 in Group 4. In response, BMW had its modified 3.0 CSL in Group 5. It was the year that turbos arrived in considerable numbers, with over a dozen turbocharged entries, led by the Renault Alpine A442. It saw the arrival of French prototype manufacturers Jean Rondeau and Gérard Welter in a new GTP class and a first-time invitation to American IMSA and NASCAR entries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1975 24 Hours of Le Mans</span> 43rd Grand Prix of Endurance

The 1975 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 43rd Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 14 and 15 June 1975. Colloquially called the “Le Mans Economy Run”, stringent refuelling regulations were put in place. Unable to match the requisite 7mpg fuel economy the manufacturer teams from Ferrari, Alfa Romeo withdrew and Matra had retired from the sport at the end of 1974. Therefore, this only left Gulf and Ligier as front-running works-teams.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1974 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1974 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 42nd Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 15 and 16 June 1974. It was the fifth round of the 1974 World Championship for Makes. After Alfa Romeo had won the first race of the season at Monza, it had been Matra all the way and they came to Le Mans as firm favourites for a third consecutive outright victory, especially after Alfa Romeo withdrew its cars just before raceweek.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1973 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1973 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 41st Grand Prix of Endurance and took place on 9 and 10 June 1973. It was the eighth round of the 1973 World Championship of Makes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1972 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1972 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 40th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 10 and 11 June 1972. It was the ninth round of the 1972 World Championship for Makes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1969 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1969 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 37th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 14 and 15 June 1969. It was the eighth round of the 1969 World Sportscar Championship season.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1968 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1968 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 36th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 28 and 29 September 1968 on the Circuit de la Sarthe, in Le Mans, France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1967 24 Hours of Le Mans</span>

The 1967 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 35th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 10 and 11 June 1967. It was also the seventh round of the 1967 World Sportscar Championship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guy Fréquelin</span>

Guy Fréquelin is a French former rally and sports car driver.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mulsanne Straight</span>

The Mulsanne Straight is the name used in English for a formerly 6 km (3.7 mi) long straight of the Circuit de la Sarthe around which the 24 Hours of Le Mans auto race takes place. Since 1990, the straight is interrupted by two chicanes, with the last section leading to a sharp corner near the village of Mulsanne.

The CH-Type was a 90° V6 engine developed by Renault-Gordini for Renault's autosport activities. This François Castaing design was the predecessor of the famous EF series.

References

Citations
  1. Program, Nurburgring, 4 April 1976, www.racingsportscars.com Retrieved 16 March 2021
  2. "10 Things You Didn't Know About Renault". FastCar.co.uk. Kelsey Media Ltd. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  3. "1975 Mugello 1000km". www.racingsportscars.com. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  4. 1 2 "Renault Alpine A442 statistics". www.racingsportscars.com. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  5. Lothar Boschen, Jürgen Barth: Das Große Buch der Porsche Typen, Motorbuch Verlag, 1983
Other sources