Albania is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, where the President of Albania is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Albania the head of government in a multi-party system. The executive power is exercised by the Government and the Prime Minister with its Cabinet. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Albania. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The political system of Albania is laid out in the 1998 constitution. The Parliament adopted the current constitution on 28 November 1998. Due to political instability, the country has had many constitutions during its history. Albania was initially constituted as a monarchy in 1913, briefly a republic in 1925, then it returned to a democratic monarchy in 1928. It later became a socialist republic until the restoration of capitalism and democracy in 1992.
The president of Albania, officially styled the President of the Republic of Albania, is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.
The Environmentalist Agrarian Party is an Albanian political party founded in 1991.
The Socialist Party of Albania is a centre-left, social-democratic political party in Albania. The major left-wing party in the country, it was founded on 13 June 1991. The PS is an associate of the Party of European Socialists and a member of the Socialist International, and holds pro-European views.
The Social Democratic Party of Albania is a minor social-democratic political party in Albania. Its founder is Skënder Gjinushi, a former Minister of Education (1987–1991) and Speaker of Parliament (1997-2001).
The Democratic Party of Albania is a conservative, center-right to right-wing political party in Albania. Rilindja Demokratike is the party's official newspaper. Since 2013, they have been the largest opposition party in Albania, with Lulzim Basha as party chairman.
The Republican Party of Albania is a national-conservative political party in Albania. It currently holds 3 of the 140 seats in the Parliament of Albania, in alliance with the Democratic Party of Albania.
Regular elections in Albania are mandated by the Constitution and legislation enacted by Parliament. The Parliament (Kuvendi) has 140 members elected for four-year terms. The electoral system is closed list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the country's 12 administrative regions. Within any constituency, parties must meet a threshold of 3 percent of votes, and pre-election coalitions must meet a threshold of 5 percent of votes.
Ilir Rexhep Meta is an Albanian politician who has served as President of Albania since 24 July 2017. Previously he served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 and he was Speaker of the Parliament of Albania from 2013 to 2017. Meta also held positions as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs and Minister of Economy, Trade, and Energy. Prior to that, he held the Chairmanship of the Parliamentary Commission of European Integration. He founded the Socialist Movement for Integration in 2004.
The Party of United Communists of Albania was a political party in Albania. The secretary of the Central Committee of the party was Muharrem Xhafa. PKBSH was formed on 5 June 1999 through the merger of the Communist Reconstruction Party and the New Albanian Party of Labour.
Communist Party of Albania 8 November is a political party in Albania. It is led by Preng Çuni.
The Communist Party of Albania is a communist and anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist political party in Albania. The party was formed in 1991, as a split from the Albanian Party of Labour which converted itself into the Socialist Party of Albania. It upholds Enver Hoxha and Hoxhaism. The party was led by Hysni Milloshi until his death in 2012.
The Social Democracy Party of Albania is a social-democratic Albanian political party. It was established in 2003. In the July 2005 elections it won two seats in Parliament. Its leader is Paskal Milo.
The Parliament of Albania or Kuvendi is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Albania; it is Albania's legislature. The Parliament is composed of not less than 140 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot. The Parliament is presided over by the Speaker, who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker. The electoral system is based on party-list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-seat constituencies, corresponding to the country's administrative divisions.
Lulzim Basha is an Albanian conservative politician who was Mayor of Tirana, from 2011 to 2015. He has also been Chairman of the Democratic Party of Albania, the main opposition party, since 2013.
Bujar Nishani is an Albanian politician. He served as President of Albania from 24 July 2012 to 24 July 2017. Nishani is the youngest person to have been chosen as president of Albania, aged 47 at the time of his swearing in.
Valentina Leskaj is an Albanian politician and political economist who has been a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Socialist Party from 2002 until 2017, when she decided to resign and leave politics.
Indirect presidential elections were held in Albania on 30 May, 4, 8 and 11 June 2012, the seventh such elections since the collapse of the communist regime in 1991. The first through third rounds of voting were inconclusive. The fourth round resulted in the incumbent party's member Bujar Nishani being elected as President.
Part One is a compilation of laws pertaining to the Constitution of Albania, that consists of fourteen articles. This part of the Constitution is the first of eighteen parts.
The Christian Democratic Party of Albania is a small Christian-democratic political party in Albania.
