Ribes americanum

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Ribes americanum
Ribes americanum.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Grossulariaceae
Genus: Ribes
Species:
R. americanum
Binomial name
Ribes americanum
Synonyms [2] [3]
List
  • Coreosma americana(Mill.) Nieuwl.
  • Ribes campanulatumMoench
  • Ribes floridumL'Hér.
  • Ribes floridum var. grandiflorumLoudon
  • Ribes intermediumTausch
  • Ribes nigrum var. pennsylvanicumMarshall
  • Ribes recurvatumMichx.
  • Ribes pensylvanicumLam.

Ribes americanum is a North American species of flowering plant in the gooseberry family known as wild black currant, [1] [4] [5] [6] American black currant, [7] and eastern black currant. [8] It is widespread in much of Canada (from Alberta to Nova Scotia) and the northern United States (from New England to Washington, with additional populations in Colorado and New Mexico). [9]

Contents

Description

Ribes americanum is a shrub growing 0.5 to 1.5 meters (20-60 inches) in height. The branches are erect and bear deciduous leaves. There are no spines. The plant may form thickets. [10] The glandular leaves are up to 7–8 cm (3–3 in) long and have 3 or 5 lobes. They turn red and gold in the fall. [10] [4] [11]

The inflorescence is a spreading or drooping raceme of up to 15 flowers. Each flower has reflexed white or greenish sepals a few millimeters long and smaller whitish petals. The fruit is a smooth rounded black berry about a centimeter (0.4 inch) wide and edible when cooked. [4] The plant reproduces mostly by seed. [11]

Distribution and habitat

This shrub is native to the United States and Canada where grows in a variety of ecosystems. It occurs in many types of forests and in conifer bogs. In Manitoba it can be found in marshes. In the Great Lakes region it grows abundantly in sedge meadows (Carex spp.). Ribes americanum grows on plains and in mountains and sometimes in disturbed areas such as roadsides. It is also shade-tolerant, growing in the understory of closed-canopy woodlands and forests. [11]

It has also been introduced to northern China. [4] [12]

Ecology

Several bee species visit the flowers: Augochlora pura , Augochlorella aurata , Ceratina calcarata , Ceratina dupla , and Ceratina strenua . [5]

This plant is an alternate host for the white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), the vector of a pine tree disease. It is sometimes eradicated in attempts to control the rust. [11]

The cluster cup rust ( Puccinia caricina ) forms aecia on the leaves of Ribes americanum in the spring, later developing brown blotches of pustules. [5] The telia are formed on sedges ( Carex ). [5]

Uses

Native Americans made pemmican from the berries, [13] which are also known for being made into jam and jelly. [11]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Mitella diphylla</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Ribes aureum</i> Species of plant

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<i>Carex rossii</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex rossii, commonly known as Ross's sedge, is a hardy species of sedge that is often a pioneer species in areas with little or no established vegetation, or in places where disturbance has occurred. Ross's sedge grows in a variety of habitats throughout much of western North America, from Alaska to Ontario, south to New Mexico and California. It flowers in May and June.

<i>Carex pensylvanica</i> Species of grass-like plant

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<i>Ribes canthariforme</i> Species of currant

Ribes canthariforme is a rare species of currant commonly known as the Moreno currant. It is characterized by pink to red flowers, a dense inflorescence, and a lack of nodal spines. A little-known endemic to the mountains of San Diego County, it is usually found growing the shade of massive boulders in the chaparral. Although the rarity and small numbers of this plant is a conservation concern, it is usually found in remote areas and is well hidden enough to be safe from most threats.

<i>Ribes cereum</i> Species of currant

Ribes cereum is a species of currant known by the common names wax currant and squaw currant; the pedicellare variety is known as whisky currant. The species is native to western North America.

<i>Ribes hudsonianum</i> Species of fruit and plant

Ribes hudsonianum is a North American species of currant, known by the common name northern black currant.

<i>Ribes montigenum</i> Berry and plant

Ribes montigenum is a species of currant known by the common names mountain gooseberry, alpine prickly currant, western prickly gooseberry, and gooseberry currant. It is native to western North America from Washington south to California and east as far as the Rocky Mountains, where it grows in high mountain habitat types in subalpine and alpine climates, such as forests and talus. It is a spreading shrub growing up to 1.5 meters tall, the branching stems covered in prickles and hairs and bearing 1 to 5 sharp spines at intervals.

<i>Ribes velutinum</i> Species of flowering plant

Ribes velutinum is a species of currant known by the common name desert gooseberry.

<i>Carex eburnea</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex eburnea, known as ivory sedge, ebony sedge, and bristleleaf or bristle-leaved sedge, is a small and slender sedge native to North America, from Alaska and Newfoundland south to central Mexico.

<i>Ribes acerifolium</i> Species of currant

Ribes acerifolium is a North American species of currant known by the common names mapleleaf currant and maple-leaved currant. It is native to the Canadian Province of British Columbia as well as to the northwestern United States.

<i>Ribes rotundifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Ribes rotundifolium is a North American species of currant known by the common names wild gooseberry and Appalachian gooseberry. It is native to the eastern United States, primarily the Adirondacks, from Massachusetts and the Appalachian Mountains south as far as South Carolina and Tennessee.

<i>Carex blanda</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex blanda, the common woodland sedge or eastern woodland sedge, is a sedge native to a wide variety of habitats in the eastern and central United States and Canada.

<i>Carex bicknellii</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex bicknellii, known as Bicknell's sedge and copper-shouldered oval sedge, is a species of sedge native to North America. Carex bicknellii grows in small clumps with fewer than 25 flowering stems per clump. It is found in mesic to dry prairies, savannas, and open woodlands.

<i>Carex brevior</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex brevior, known as shortbeak sedge and plains oval sedge, is a species of sedge native to North America. The specific epithet brevior means "shorter" in Latin.

<i>Carex careyana</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex careyana, commonly known as Carey's sedge, is a species of sedge found in the eastern United States and Ontario, Canada.

<i>Carex baileyi</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex baileyi is a sedge in section Vesicariae the genus Carex native to the Appalachian mountains in Eastern North America. It is commonly called Bailey's sedge. Carex baileyi was named in honor of Liberty Hyde Bailey by its discoverer, Nathaniel_Lord_Britton.

Carex deweyanaDewey's sedge, short-scale sedge, is a species of sedge native to Canada and the United States.

Carex peckii, Peck's sedge, Peck's oak sedge, or white-tinged sedge, is a species of sedge native to Canada and the United States.

References

  1. 1 2 "Ribes americanum Wild Black Currant". explorer.natureserve.org. NatureServe. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  2. ↑ "Ribes americanum". Tropicos . Missouri Botanical Gardens – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. ↑ "Ribes americanum". Tropicos . Missouri Botanical Garden.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Morin, Nancy R. (2009). "Ribes americanum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 8. New York and Oxford. Retrieved January 20, 2012– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  6. ↑ Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S., eds. (February 2011). "Ribesamericanum". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan Herbarium. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  7. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ribes americanum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  8. ↑ "Ribes americanum". Go Botany. New England Wildflower Society. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  9. ↑ "Ribes americanum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  10. 1 2 "Ribes americanum" (PDF). USDA NRCS Plant Guide. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Marshall, K. Anna (1995). "Ribes americanum". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  12. ↑ Lu, Lingdi; Alexander, Crinan. "Ribes americanum". Flora of China– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  13. ↑ Reiner, Ralph E. (1969). Introducing the Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 124.
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