Related Research Articles
Mantombazana "Manto" Edmie Tshabalala-Msimang was a South African politician. She was Deputy Minister of Justice from 1996 to 1999 and served as Minister of Health from 1999 to 2008 under President Thabo Mbeki. She also served as Minister in the Presidency under President Kgalema Motlanthe from September 2008 to May 2009.
Diane Marleau,was a Canadian politician. She represented the riding of Sudbury in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2008,and was a cabinet minister in the government of Jean Chrétien. Marleau was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada.
World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) is observed around the world every year on 31 May. The yearly celebration informs the public on the dangers of using tobacco,the business practices of tobacco companies,what the World Health Organization (WHO) is doing to fight against the use of tobacco,and what people around the world can do to claim their right to health and healthy living and to protect future generations.
Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma,sometimes referred to by her initials NDZ,is a South African politician,medical doctor and former anti-apartheid activist. A longstanding member of the African National Congress (ANC),she currently serves as Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs and is the Chancellor of the University of Limpopo.
Lynn McDonald is a Canadian academic,climate activist and former Member of Parliament. She is a former president of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women and was the New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament for Broadview—Greenwood from 1982 until 1988. McDonald is professor emerita of Sociology at the University of Guelph.
Otta Helene Maree,known as Helen Zille,is a South African politician. She has served as the Chairperson of the Federal Council of the Democratic Alliance since 20 October 2019. From 2009 until 2019,she was the Premier of the Western Cape province for two five-year terms,and a member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament. She served as Federal Leader of the Democratic Alliance from 2007 to 2015 and as Mayor of Cape Town from 2006 to 2009.
James Reilly is an Irish former Fine Gael politician,businessman and medical doctor who served as a Senator from May 2016 to March 2020. He previously served as Acting Minister for Children and Youth Affairs from February to May 2016,Minister for Health from March 2011 to July 2014 and deputy leader of Fine Gael from 2010 to 2017. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North constituency from 2007 to 2016. He subsequently announced his retirement from politics after he lost his bid for election for his old seat at the 2020 general election.
Nozizwe Charlotte Madlala-Routledge is a South African politician who was South Africa's Deputy Minister of Defence from 1999 to April 2004 and Deputy Minister of Health from April 2004 to August 2007. President Thabo Mbeki dismissed her from the Cabinet on 8 August 2007,after which she maintained her role as a member of parliament representing the African National Congress. On 25 September 2008,she became Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly,serving in that capacity until resigning from Parliament in early May 2009. She has been a member of the South African Communist Party since 1984.
Life expectancy has risen by two years for males and females in Vietnam between 2000 and 2012. This is half of the average rise in life expectancy for other parts of the world during the same time period.
The Tobacco Products Control Act was introduced in South Africa in 1993,where smoking has been rated the second highest health concern,after HIV/AIDS.
The use of tobacco for smoking in New Zealand has been subjected to government regulation for a number of decades. On 10 December 2004,New Zealand became the third country in the world to make all indoor workplaces including bars and restaurants smoke-free.
Tobacco politics refers to the politics surrounding the use and distribution of tobacco.
Smoking in Nigeria is prohibited in public places and is punishable by a fine of not less than N200 and not exceeding N1000 or to imprisonment to a term of not less than one month and not exceeding two years or to both a fine and imprisonment.
Smoking in Ireland is banned fully in the general workplace,enclosed public places,restaurants,bars,education facilities,healthcare facilities and public transport. However,it is permitted in designated hotel rooms and there is no ban in residential care,prisons and in outdoor areas. Public opinion is in favour of the bans on smoking imposed in Ireland.
Plain tobacco packaging,also known as generic,neutral,standardised or homogeneous packaging,is packaging of tobacco products,typically cigarettes,without any branding,including only the brand name in a mandated size,font and place on the pack,in addition to the health warnings and any other legally mandated information such as toxic constituents and tax-paid stamps. The appearance of all tobacco packs is standardised,including the colour of the pack.
In the United Kingdom,smoking is legally permitted,with certain conditions set from laws enacted separately in England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is illegal to smoke tobacco in enclosed public places,such as restaurants,shops or pubs,under the Health Act 2006 for England and Wales,the Smoking Order 2006 for Northern Ireland and the Smoking,Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 for Scotland. It is also illegal to smoke in a car if one is transporting people under 18 or if a vehicle is being used for work purposes. Smoking is prevalent among a sizeable,but continuously reducing minority of the population. It has been argued that smoking puts considerable strain upon the NHS due to the health problems which can be directly linked with smoking. Successive UK Governments have endeavoured to reduce the prevalence of smoking. As part of this commitment,the NHS currently offers free help to smokers who want to quit.
Smoking in India has been known since at least 2000 BC when cannabis was smoked and is first mentioned in the Atharvaveda. Fumigation (dhupa) and fire offerings (homa) are prescribed in the Ayurveda for medical purposes and have been practiced for at least 3,000 years while smoking,dhumrapana (धूम्रपान),has been practiced for at least 2,000 years. Tobacco was introduced to India in the 17th century. It later merged with existing practices of smoking.
In South Africa,HIV/AIDS denialism had a significant impact on public health policy from 1999 to 2008,during the presidency of Thabo Mbeki. Mbeki criticized the scientific consensus that HIV is the cause of AIDS beginning shortly after his election to the presidency. In 2000,he organized a Presidential Advisory Panel regarding HIV/AIDS including several scientists who denied that HIV caused AIDS.
The Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products Amendment Bill is a proposed Act of Parliament in the New Zealand Parliament that seeks to combat smoking by limiting the number of retailers allowed to sell smoked tobacco products;ban the sale of smoked tobacco products to anyone born on or after 1 January 2009;and to discourage the consumption of smoked tobacco products.
References
- ↑ Vlok, Marie E. (1991). Manual of Nursing. Vol. 1 (9th ed.). Cape Town: Juta. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-7021-2521-8.
- ↑ Allen, Bruce (1 December 1991). "Dr Rina Venter, Minister of National Health and Population Development". insurance-times.net. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
- ↑ Sidley, Pat (18 July 2012). "South Africa's shattered healthcare dreams". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
- 1 2 Meyer, Jani (10 October 2004). "The AIDS plan that never saw light of day". Sunday Tribune. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ↑ "South Africa Ends Apartheid in Hospitals". The Baltimore Sun. 17 May 1990. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
- ↑ Reed, Jack (16 May 1990). "South African government unveils plan to scrap hospital apartheid". United Press International. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
- ↑ "S. Africa to Integrate Hospitals". Los Angeles Times . Times Wire Service. 16 May 1990. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- 1 2 Meyer, Melissa; Fourie, Pieter (2013). The Politics of AIDS Denialism: South Africa's Failure to Respond. Ashgate Publishing. p. 175. ISBN 9781409499992.
- ↑ Ottaway, Marina (1993). South Africa: the struggle for a new order . Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8157-6716-9.
- ↑ Keller, Bill (2 June 1994). "Cape Town Journal; In Land of Smokers, Mandela Heads Resistance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ↑ de Beyer, Joy; Waverley Brigden, Linda, eds. (2003). Tobacco Control Policy: Strategies, Successes, and Setbacks. World Bank Publications. pp. 127–136. ISBN 9780821354025.
- ↑ Bateman, Chris (February 2009). "Quit Smoking Remedies Hot Favourites for EDL". South African Medical Journal. 99 (2): 86. PMID 19418665.
- ↑ "Health department gets tobacco award". hst.org.za. 31 July 2000. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
- ↑ Meyer, Jani (10 October 2004). "The Aids plan that never saw light of day". IOL. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
- ↑ "Nat minister 'surprised' by Manto's claim". The Star . 24 November 2005. Retrieved 20 July 2010.