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Zofia Kossak-Szczucka was a Polish writer and World War II resistance fighter. She co-founded two wartime Polish organizations:Front for the Rebirth of Poland and Żegota,set up to assist Polish Jews to escape the Holocaust. In 1943,she was arrested by the Germans and sent to Auschwitz concentration camp,but survived the war.
Żegota was the Polish Council to Aid Jews with the Government Delegation for Poland,an underground Polish resistance organization,and part of the Polish Underground State,active 1942–45 in German-occupied Poland. Żegota was the successor institution to the Provisional Committee to Aid Jews and was established specifically to save Jews. Poland was the only country in German-occupied Europe where such a government-established and -supported underground organization existed.
Wielka Piaśnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puck,within Puck County,Pomeranian Voivodeship,in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Puck and 46 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Polonophobia,also referred to as anti-Polonism,,and anti-Polish sentiment are terms for negative attitudes,prejudices,and actions against Poles as an ethnic group,Poland as their country,and their culture. These include ethnic prejudice against Poles and persons of Polish descent,other forms of discrimination,and mistreatment of Poles and the Polish diaspora.
Edward Moskal was a longtime president of the Polish National Alliance (PNA) and the Polish American Congress (PAC).
Marek Jan Chodakiewicz is a Polish-American historian specializing in Central European history of the 19th and 20th centuries. He teaches at the Patrick Henry College and at the Institute of World Politics. He has been described as conservative and nationalistic,and his attitude towards minorities has been widely criticized.
Żydokomuna is an anti-communist and antisemitic canard,or a pejorative stereotype,suggesting that most Jews collaborated with the Soviet Union in importing communism into Poland,or that there was an exclusively Jewish conspiracy to do so. A Polish language term for "Jewish Bolshevism",or more literally "Jewish communism",Żydokomuna is related to the "Jewish world conspiracy" myth.
Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski was a Polish-born polymath and inventor with 50 patents to his credit. He was a civil and industrial engineer by profession,educated in Poland,Belgium,and the United States. He was also a writer on Polish and European history,author of historical atlases,and a lexicographer.
David Leslie Hoggan was an American professor of history,author of The Forced War:When Peaceful Revision Failed and other works in the German and English languages. He was antisemitic,maintained a close association with various neo-Nazi groups,chose a publishing house run by an unregenerate Nazi,and engaged in Holocaust denial.
The Blue Police,was the police during the Second World War in German-occupied Poland. The entity's official German name was Polnische Polizei im Generalgouvernement.
Nasz Dziennik is a Polish-language Roman Catholic daily newspaper published six times a week in Warsaw,Poland. It is connected to the Lux Veritatis Foundation. Its viewpoint has been described as right-wing to far-right,and is supportive of the Traditionalist Catholicism "closed church".
The Piaśnica is a river in northern Poland,in Puck County near Gdańsk,in Pomeranian Voivodeship. It begins inside the Puszcza Darżlubska Wilderness,located in the northernmost part of the geographical region of Pobrzeże Kaszubskie. Darżlubie Forest contains two nature reserves. On the south–side it borders the Tricity Landscape Park from which,it is separated by the Reda river. The wilderness,is also the source of river Gizdepka. The name of Piaśnica comes from the nearby villages of Piaśnica Mała and Piaśnica Wielka.
Szmalcownik;in English,also sometimes spelled shmaltsovnik) is a pejorative Polish slang expression that originated during the Holocaust in Poland in World War II and refers to a person who blackmailed Jews who were in hiding,or who blackmailed Poles who aided Jews during the German occupation. By stripping Jews of their financial resources,blackmailers added substantially to the danger that Jews and their rescuers faced and increased their chances of getting caught and killed.
Jewish ghettos in Europe were neighbourhoods of European cities in which Jews were permitted to live. In addition to being confined to the ghettos,Jews were placed under strict regulations as well as restrictions in many European cities. The character of ghettos fluctuated over the centuries. In some cases,they comprised a Jewish quarter,the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. In many instances,ghettos were places of terrible poverty and during periods of population growth,ghettos had narrow streets and small,crowded houses. Residents had their own justice system. Around the ghetto stood walls that,during pogroms,were closed from inside to protect the community,but from the outside during Christmas,Pesach,and Easter Week to prevent the Jews from leaving at those times.
The citizens of Poland have the world's highest count of individuals who have been recognized by Yad Vashem of Jerusalem as the Polish Righteous Among the Nations,for saving Jews from extermination during the Holocaust in World War II. There are 7,177 Polish men and women recognized as Righteous Among the Nations,over a quarter of the 27,921 recognized by Yad Vashem in total. The list of Righteous is not comprehensive and it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of Poles concealed and aided hundreds of thousands of their Polish-Jewish neighbors. Many of these initiatives were carried out by individuals,but there also existed organized networks of Polish resistance which were dedicated to aiding Jews –most notably,the Żegota organization.
Polish Jews were the primary victims of the German-organized Holocaust in Poland. Throughout the German occupation of Poland,many Poles rescued Jews from the Holocaust,in the process risking their lives –and the lives of their families. Poles were,by nationality,the most numerous persons who rescued Jews during the Holocaust. To date,7,177 ethnic Poles have been recognized by the State of Israel as Righteous among the Nations –more,by far,than the citizens of any other country.
Puszcza Darżlubska or Lasy Piaśnickie,located in the northernmost part of Poland,is a Polish forests complex on the Baltic Sea,within the geographical region of Pobrzeże Kaszubskie;on the south-side bordering the Tricity Landscape Park from which it is separated by the Reda river. Inside Darżlubie Forest there are two nature reserves. The wilderness is also the source of two rivers:Piaśnica and Gizdepka. The name of Puszcza Darżlubska comes from the nearby village of Darżlubie in the administrative district of Gmina Puck,north of Gdańsk.
Annamaria Orla-Bukowska is a social anthropologist at the Institute of Sociology of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków;and the Professor/Lecturer at the Center for Social Studies / Graduate School for Social Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Her general field of research is genocide and its social consequences as well as majority–minority relations. Orla-Bukowska is a 2004 Yad Vashem Fellow.
Protest! was a clandestine leaflet issued in 1942 as a protest by Polish Catholics against the mass murder of Jews in German-occupied Poland.
The Forgotten Holocaust:The Poles Under German Occupation,1939–1944 is a 1986 book by Richard C. Lukas dealing with the topic of occupation of Poland during World War II,with particular focus on the sufferings of ethnic Poles in occupied Poland in 1939–1945 during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. It is Lukas' most famous work. It has received a number of positive reviews and a single dissenting critical review which resulted in a series of letters published in the Slavic Review between 1987 and 1991. It had new English editions in 1997 and 2012. It was translated to Polish with editions in 1995 and 2012 as Zapomniany holokaust:Polacy pod okupacjąniemiecką1939–1944.
References
- ↑ "Fellowship listing". www.brooklyn.cuny.edu. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- 1 2 Brooklyn College Faculty: Robert Cherry. Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210
- ↑ Robert Cherry on “The Pleasure Principle: How Jewish Values Shaped Popular Culture”. Graduate Center, City University of New York. 3 February 2012. Accessed 7 March 2012.
- ↑ Google Books search inauthor:"Robert D. Cherry". Accessed 7 March 2012.
- ↑ "Robert Cherry". National Review. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ↑ Review of Rethinking Poles and Jews: Troubled Past, Brighter Future. Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Polish Cultural Institute, New York. March 2012.
- ↑ Review of Rethinking Poles and Jews: Troubled Past, Brighter Future. Polonia Portal. Polish American Congress, 3 January 2008.
- ↑ Rethinking Poles and Jews: Troubled Past, Brighter Future – via rowman.com.
- ↑ Lipstadt, Deborah (26 October 2007). "Deborah Lipstadt's Blog: An enduring myth: "The Poles were worse than the Nazis."".
- ↑ Nightingale, Demetra Smith (1 June 2008). "Robert Cherry, Welfare Transformed: Universalizing Family Policies That Work". Social Service Review. 82 (2): 335–338. doi:10.1086/590570 – via journals.uchicago.edu (Atypon).
- ↑ Wilson, Kenneth L. (10 April 1990). "Review of Discrimination: Its Economic Impact on Blacks, Women, and Jews". Contemporary Sociology. 19 (6): 809–810. doi:10.2307/2073178. JSTOR 2073178 – via JSTOR.
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