Rogelio Martinez | |
---|---|
Pope Michael II | |
Papacy began | July 23, 2023 |
Predecessor | David Bawden |
Opposed to | Francis |
Orders | |
Ordination | 2003 by Bishop Joseph V. Galaroza |
Consecration | 6 February 2010 by Archbishop Joel Clemente |
Personal details | |
Born | Rogelio del Rosario Martinez Jr. |
Nationality | Filipino |
Denomination | Conclavist traditionalist Catholic (since 2020) Formerly Independent Catholic (2002-2020) Roman Catholic (until 2002) |
Spouse | Linda Jacinto |
Children | Rogelio Martinez III |
Rogelio del Rosario Martinez Jr., [1] who took the name Pope Michael II, is a Filipino conclavist bishop claimant to the papacy. He was elected by lot at a conclave held in Vienna, Austria, in July 2023.
Born in Manila, the Philippines, Martinez graduated from a Roman Catholic seminary in 1997 but did not seek holy orders. After teaching law at university level, Martinez came into contact with the independent catholic movement in 2002 and was ordained as a priest in 2003. Elevated to bishop in 2010, Martinez made a profession of faith to David Bawden, known as Pope Michael I, in 2019. David Bawden was an American conclavist who believed that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since Vatican II, and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. Bawden organised a conclave at which he was elected Pope in 1989.
Pope Michael I died in August 2022. Martinez was elected as his successor as Pope, choosing the papal name Michael II. Pope Michael II continues to reside in the Phillipines and speaks both English and Tagalog. He is married with one child.
According to an article he published in The Olive Tree magazine by himself, Martinez was born in Manila in 1972 and was baptized and raised as a Roman Catholic; he and his family later moved to Bulakan in 1983, when he was an elementary school graduate. During elementary school, he had joined a bible study group of the Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches. [2]
In September 1984 he became an acolyte in his parish in Bulakan and in 1987, after graduating from high school, he entered the Immaculate Conception Major Seminary of the Diocese of Malolos. After graduating with Master's in Pastoral Theology in 1997, he did not submit himself for ordination to the diaconate and remained a layman. [2]
He taught for some years at the Centro Escolar University and later studied law at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines College of Law, graduating in 2004. During that period, he married Lynn Jacinto and the two had a child. [3]
In 2002 he came into contact with an independent Catholic priest from the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (ICAB) and resumed his priestly training with such Church, aligning himself with traditionalist Catholicism and sedevacantism, coming to the conclusion that all Popes following the death of Pope Pius XII were invalid because they had endorsed the "heretical" Second Vatican Council. he was ordained on 7 December 2002 and later a priest in 2003 by Bishop Joseph V. Galaroza. He subsequently served as assistant priest at Novaliches and later at Santa Mesa and was installed as parish priest at Our Lady of Fatima Parish Church in San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan in 2004. [4]
In 2009, Martinez founded the Sacrae Crucis Franciscanum, an independent catholic Church to celebrate the sacraments according to the Tridentine Mass. [5] It currently has 200 families.
Seven years later he was consecrated a bishop by Archbishop Joel Clemente and Bishop Heyward Ewart of the Catholic Charismatic Church (CCC) on 6 February 2010 at the St. Andrews Seminary in Quezon City. In 2012, after Clemente's retirement due to health reason, he was appointed Archbishop by the CCC's Patriarch Augustine I (John Walzer). [2]
In 2019 he came into contact with David Bawden, a conclavist bishop who had claimed to be the legitimate Roman pontiff under the regnal name Pope Michael. One year later he made his profession of faith to Bawden, formally recognizing him as the legitimate Pope and came into full communion with him and his followers. [6] [2]
Pope Michael died on 2 August 2022. [7] On July 29, 2023, Martinez was elected as Bawden's successor in a conclave in Vienna, Austria. He took the name Michael II. [7]
Mainstream Roman Catholic Bishop José R. Rojas of Libmanan who is also the chairman of the Episcopal Commission of Doctrine of the Faith of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines advised Catholics not to support Martinez or risk facing excommunication. Rojas says Martinez is not a Catholic priest. [8] [9]
Martinez runs a parish in San Jose del Monte in Bulacan and has conducted events including officiating a Mass for his followers. [8] A papal coronation for Martinez took place on 28 October 2023 in Meycauayan. [8] The ceremony featured the first use of a papal tiara in over 50 years (although all Popes since Paul VI have been presented with tiaras by supporters, Pope John Paul I elected to hold a papal installation instead of a coronation and no other antipope has had a tiara made for their use). [10]
A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the pope and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. The most solemn responsibility of the cardinals is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves, when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. In addition, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories, in which matters of importance to the Church are considered and new cardinals may be created. Cardinals of working age are also appointed to roles overseeing dicasteries of the Roman Curia, the central administration of the Catholic Church.
Pope John XXIII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 1963.
Pope Paul VI was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council, which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms. He fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. In January 1964, he flew to Jordan, the first time a reigning pontiff had left Italy in more than a century.
Sedevacantism is a traditionalist Catholic movement which holds that since the death of Pius XII the alleged occupiers of the Holy See are not valid popes due to their espousal of one or more heresies and that, for lack of a valid pope, the See of Rome is thus vacant. Sedevacantism owes its origins to the rejection of the theological and disciplinary changes implemented following the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965).
The papal tiara is a crown that is worn by popes of the Catholic Church from as early as the 8th century to the mid–20th century. It was last used by Pope Paul VI in 1963, and only at the beginning of his reign.
Lucian Pulvermacher was a traditionalist schismatic Roman Catholic priest and a modern-day antipope. He was the head of the True Catholic Church, a small conclavist group that elected him Pope Pius XIII in Montana in October 1998. At the time of his death, he lived in Springdale, Washington, United States.
A papal coronation is the formal ceremony of the placing of the papal tiara on a newly elected pope. The first recorded papal coronation was of Pope Nicholas I in 858. The most recent was the 1963 coronation of Paul VI, who soon afterwards abandoned the practice of wearing the tiara. To date, none of his successors have used the tiara, and their papal inauguration celebrations have included no coronation ceremony, although any future pope may elect to restore the use of the tiara at any point during his pontificate.
Traditionalist Catholicism is a movement that emphasizes beliefs, practices, customs, traditions, liturgical forms, devotions and presentations of teaching associated with the Catholic Church before the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). Traditionalist Catholics particularly emphasize the Tridentine Mass, the Roman Rite liturgy largely replaced in general use by the post-Second Vatican Council Mass of Paul VI.
The College of Cardinals, more formally called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. As of 31 May 2024, there are 236 cardinals, of whom 127 are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are appointed by the pope for life. Changes in life expectancy partly account for historical increases in the size of the college.
Sede vacante is a term for the state of a/an (arch)diocese without an installed (arch)bishop. In the canon law of the Catholic Church, the term is used to refer to the vacancy of the (arch)bishop's or Pope's authority upon his death or resignation.
David Allen Bawden, who took the name Pope Michael I, was an American conclavist claimant to the papacy. Bawden believed that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since Vatican II, and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. In 1990 he was elected pope by a group of six laypeople, including himself and his parents. In 2011, he was ordained a priest and consecrated a bishop by an Independent Catholic bishop.
A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and the earthly head of the Catholic Church.
A conclavist was a personal aide of a cardinal present in a papal conclave. The term is sometimes used to refer to all present with a conclave, including the cardinal-electors, but is more properly applied only to the non-cardinals. Conclavists played an important historical role in the negotiations of papal elections and in the evolution of secrecy, writing many of the extant accounts of papal elections.
The Archdiocese of Manila is the archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in Metro Manila, Philippines, encompassing the cities of Manila, Makati, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Pasay, and Taguig. Its cathedral is the Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, also known as the Manila Cathedral, located in Intramuros, which comprises the old city of Manila. The Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title Immaculate Conception, is the principal patroness of the archdiocese.
In the papal conclave held from 14 to 16 June 1846, Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, Bishop of Imola, was elected on the fourth ballot to succeed the recently deceased Gregory XVI as pope. He took the name Pius IX. Of the 62 members of the College of Cardinals, 52 assembled in the Quirinal Palace, one of the papal palaces in Rome and the seat of two earlier 19th century conclaves. The conclave was the last to elect a ruler of the Papal States, the extensive lands around Rome and Northern Italy which the Catholic Church governed until 1870.
Papal inauguration is a liturgical service of the Catholic Church within Mass celebrated in the Roman Rite but with elements of Byzantine Rite for the ecclesiastical investiture of a pope. Since the inauguration of Pope John Paul I, it has not included the 820-year-old (1143–1963) papal coronation ceremony.
Luigi Maglione was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1935 and served as the Vatican Secretary of State under Pope Pius XII from 1939 until his death. Pius XII never replaced Maglione, opting to assume the responsibilities of the office himself, with the assistance of two undersecretaries.
Carlo Confalonieri was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as prefect of the Congregation for Bishops from 1967 to 1973, and dean of the College of Cardinals from 1977 until his death. Confalonieri was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958.
Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant was a French prelate and cardinal of the Catholic Church. Elevated to the cardinalate in 1936, Tisserant was a prominent and long-time member of the Roman Curia.
Conclavism is the practice that has existed since the second half of the 20th century which consists in the convening of a conclave to elect rival popes (antipopes) to the current pope of Rome. This method is used by some Catholics, often Sedevacantists, who do not accept the legitimacy of their present papacy. Those who hold the position that a conclave can be convened to elect a pope to rival the current pope of Rome are called conclavists.