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Eric John Holmyard (1891–1959) was an English science teacher at Clifton College, and historian of science and technology.
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, particularly the Hellenistic geographers Ptolemy and Marinus of Tyre, combined with what explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography, and cartography and mathematical geography. Islamic geography reached its apex with Muhammad al-Idrisi in the 12th century.
The transmission of the Greek Classics to Latin Western Europe during the Middle Ages was a key factor in the development of intellectual life in Western Europe. Interest in Greek texts and their availability was scarce in the Latin West during the Early Middle Ages, but as traffic to the East increased, so did Western scholarship.
During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant. These included Latin translations of the Greek Classics and of Arabic texts in astronomy, mathematics, science, and medicine. Translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy, psychology and metaphysics. Other contributions included technological and scientific innovations via the Silk Road, including Chinese inventions such as paper, compass and gunpowder.
References
- ↑ Arzobispo Raimundo de Toledo Escuela de Traductores [1130-1187]
- ↑ "MEDIEVAL SCIENCES: THE ISLAMIC FOUNDATION OF THE RENAISSANCE: Medievalhistory.net". Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-10-30..
- ↑ looks at the network of translators.
- ↑ Richard Lorch, "The Treatise on the Astrolabe by Rudolph of Bruges", in: L. Nauta and A. Vanderjagt (eds.), Between Demonstration and Imagination: Essays in the History of Science and Philosophy Presented to John D. North (Leiden: Brill, 1999), pp. 55-100.
- ↑ History of Islamic Science - The time of abu-l-wafa
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