While recreational use,possession and trade of non-medicinal drugs described by the Opium Law are all technically illegal under Dutch law,official policy since the late 20th century has been to openly tolerate all recreational use while tolerating the other two under certain circumstances. This pragmatic approach was motivated by the idea that a drug-free Dutch society is unrealistic and unattainable,and efforts would be better spent trying to minimize harm caused by recreational drug use. As a result of this gedoogbeleid,the Netherlands is typically seen as much more tolerant of drugs than most other countries.
Tilburg University is a public research university specializing in the social and behavioral sciences,economics,law,business sciences,theology and humanities,located in Tilburg in the southern part of the Netherlands.
The Joint Court of Justice of Aruba,Curaçao,Sint Maarten,and of Bonaire,Sint Eustatius and Saba serves the three Caribbean countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the three Caribbean special municipalities of the Netherlands. The court primarily hears disputes in first instance and on appeal of these six islands,and is on the same level as similar courts in the Netherlands. Since 2012,the court has also been authorized to hear inquiry procedures originated on Curaçao,of a type that would be heard in the Netherlands by the Enterprise Chamber in Amsterdam.
Jan Aksel Wolthuis,a lawyer by training,was a Dutch Nazi who collaborated with the German occupiers during World War II and after the war was active in far-right politics.
Paul Joan George (Jos) Kapteyn is a Dutch judge. He was a member of the Council of State of the Netherlands from 1976 to 1990 and subsequently served as judge at the European Court of Justice from 1990 until 2000.
Christiaan Willem Anton Timmermans is a Dutch law professor and judge. He was a judge at the European Court of Justice between 2000 and 2010.
Naomi Ellemers is a distinguished professor of social psychology at Utrecht University since September 2015.
Agnes Jongerius is a Dutch trade unionist and politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Netherlands since July 2014. She is a member of the Labour Party,part of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats. Between 1987 and 2012 she worked for the Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging,a trade union federation. She was chair of the federation between 2005 and 2012.
Anja Hazekamp is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Netherlands. She is a member of the Party for the Animals,part of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left. Previously she was member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands in 2012 and member of the States of Groningen between 2007 and 2014.
Johannes "Jos" Silvis is a Dutch law professor and judge. He was a judge at the European Court of Human Rights from 1 November 2012 through 1 September 2016. He subsequently became attorney general at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands.
Judith C.M. Swinkels is a Dutch politician,she was a member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for the Democrats 66 from 3 November 2015 to 23 March 2017. Previously she was a lawyer and judge.
RenéBarents is a Dutch European Union law scholar. He has been a judge at the General Court since 6 october 2011. He previously served as a judge on the European Union Civil Service Tribunal from 2011 until 2016
Randall Christoph Herman Lesaffer is a Belgian historian of international law. He has been professor of legal history at KU Leuven since 1998 and at Tilburg University since 1999,where he also served as dean of Tilburg Law School from 2008 to 2012. He currently serves as the head of the Department of Roman Law and Legal History at the Faculty of Law and Criminology at KU Leuven. His work focuses on the Early Modern Age.
Jaime Mercelino Saleh is a Dutch Antillean politician and former judge. He was a judge on the Joint Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles from 1974 to 1990 and was its president from 1979. Saleh subsequently served as Governor of the Netherlands Antilles between 1990 and 2002.
Cynthia Valstein-Montnor is a Surinamese judge. She was the acting president of the High Court of Justice of Suriname from 2011 until 2014. Alongside this role she was also the presiding judge officiating the Military Court,regarding the murder-trial of President Desi Bouterse and his role in the December murders.
Petra Stienen (1965) is a Dutch human rights advocate with more than thirty years’experience in diplomacy,international relations,civil society,social entrepreneurship and politics.
Universiteiten van Nederland (UNL),previously Vereniging van Universiteiten until November 2021,is a trade group of government-funded research universities,including three special universities,and the Open University of the Netherlands. It formed as the Vereniging van Samenwerkende Nederlandse Universiteiten in 1985,as a successor to the Academische Raad.
Beatrice A. de Graaf is a Dutch history professor at the Faculty of Humanities at Utrecht University. Her areas of expertise are terrorism,international relations and security and the modern history of Europe.
Alex Brenninkmeijer was a Dutch lawyer,judge and academic,national ombudsman between 2005 and 2014,and member of the European Court of Auditors from 2014 until his death in 2022 in Luxembourg at the age of 70.
