Sahitya Akademi Fellowship

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Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
Awarded forLiterary award in India
Sponsored by Sahitya Akademi
First awarded1968
Last awarded2021
Highlights
Total awarded105
First winner Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Recent winner(s)  Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay
  Ruskin Bond
  Vinod Kumar Shukla
  M. Leelavathy
  Bhalchandra Nemade
  Tejwant Singh Gill
  Rambhadracharya
  Indira Parthasarathy
Website Official Website

The Sahitya Akademi Fellowship is a literary honour in India bestowed by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. [1] [2] It is the highest honour conferred by the Akademi on a living writer, [1] the number of fellows at no time exceeding 21. [3] Elected from among writers thought by the Akademi to be of acknowledged merit, the fellows are sometimes described as the "immortals of Indian literature." [3] [4]

Contents

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first writer elected to the Fellowship; Mulk Raj Anand was the first Indian English writer to be inducted in 1989 and R. K. Narayan in 1994, the second. [5]

History and purpose

The appointment of Fellows to the Sahitya Akademi was based in part on models of academies of letters, and in particular, on the Académie française's model of honouring literary excellent by electing writers as Members. [6] The initial Constitution of the Academy proposed a limited membership of twenty-one Fellows, who were to be "literary persons of outstanding merit". [7] The first General Committee recommended an expansion in the number of fellows, by including fifty Associate Fellows, as well as five Honorary Fellows. The latter provision was to enable the Akademi to honour foreign writers as well. Despite the inclusion of this provision, the Akademi did not make appointments to the position of Associate Fellows, and in 1999 the provision for their appointment was deleted. [7]

Soon after the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, who was the first President of the Sahitya Akademi, Mulk Raj Anand proposed that Nehru be elected as a Fellow of the Akademi posthumously. This proposal was rejected, and the Akademi took the view that Fellowships would only be conferred upon living writers. [8] The General Council has, as a practice, refrained from electing its own members for the Fellowship, although there have been instances of members of the General Council become fellows after their term on the Council ends. A significant exception to this practice is the appointment of D. Jayakanthan as a Fellow while he was serving on the council. [9]

The first Fellow of the Akademi, S. Radhakrishnan, was elected as Fellow in 1968, fourteen years after the Akademi was constituted. Radhakrishnan had previously served on the Council of the Sahitya Akademi, first as vice-president, and later, as president. [9] He was appointed "in recognition of his outstanding contribution to Indian thought and to the tradition of universal humanism". [9] The first woman to be elected Fellow was Mahadevi Varma, in 1979, [10] followed by three women writers in 1994 (Malayalam poet Balamani Amma, Bengali novelist and poet Ashapoorna Devi, and Urdu novelist Qurratulain Hyder). Hindi author Krishna Sobti was honoured in 1996, and English novelist Anita Desai in 2009. In 2019, the fellowship was conferred on Dogri writer Padma Sachdev and in 2021 to Malayalam writer and critic M. Leelavathy. [11] On 19 September 2021, the Akademi announced the fellowships to Bengali writer Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay, Malayalam writer and critic M. Leelavathy, English writer Ruskin Bond, Hindi writer Vinod Kumar Shukla, Marathi poet and scholar Bhalchandra Nemade, Punjabi writer and professor Tejwant Singh Gill, Sanskrit scholar Rambhadracharya, Tamil playwright Indira Parthasarathy. As of 2023, there are only 17 fellows of the Sahitya Akademi. [11]

Appointment of fellowships

The executive board of the Akademi recommends the names of literary persons to be elected as Fellows and Honorary Fellows to the General Council. The General Council, who operates for the period of five years, holds an authority to elect a fellow based on the recommendation made by the executive board. [12]

The fellowship was established in 1968 and is limited to twenty individuals at any given time. [11] As of 2021, the fellowship has been conferred on 105 writers. [11] [13]

In 1994, the Akademi began the practice of holding an event called 'Samvad' in which Fellows read from their work, and each reading was followed by discussions with a panel of critics and writers. [14] The participants in the first series included Vishnu Bhikaji Kolte (Marathi scholar, writer, and critic), Harbhajan Singh (Punjabi writer and critic) and Nagarjun (Maithili and Hindi poet and novelist). [14]

Fellowships to foreign authors

In addition to twenty-one fellowships to Indian nationals, the Sahitya Akademi has also instituted three fellowships to international writers and scholars.

Honorary fellowships

The Sahitya Akademi's Constitution provides for the appointment of 'Honorary Fellows' of the Akademi "from among literary persons of outstanding merit who are not nationals of India". [12] The number of such fellowships is limited to ten individuals at any given time, an increase from the original provision for five fellows. [7] The first Honorary Fellow of the Akademi was appointed in 1974: the poet, the first President of Senegal, and theorist of Négritude Léopold Sédar Senghor. [15] The citation provided to him records that "Senghor is one of the leading literary figures of the African continent. As a linguist he has been working to establish links between Dravidian, Sumerian, ancient Egyptian and African languages..." [16] In his acceptance speech, Senghor described himself as an "old admmirer of the Indian Civilisation," emphasizing his fondness for the poetry of Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore. [16]

Other Honorary Fellows of the Akademi include American linguist and Indologist Edward C. Dimock; American professor of Sanskrit, Daniel Henry Holmes Ingall; Czech scholar of Dravidian studies, Kamil Vaclav Zvelebil; Chinese professor of Indian literature and translator, Ji Xianlin; Greek diplomant, scholar and poet, Vassilis Vitsaxis; and Russian academic and scholar of Indian history, Evgeni Petrovich Chelyshev. [17]

The most recent recipient of the fellowship is a Mauritian poet, novelist Abhimanyu Unnuth who was awarded in the year 2013. [11] As of 2016, nine individuals have been elected as honorary fellows.

Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship

Named after a Sri Lankan Tamil philosopher Ananda Coomaraswamy, the "Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship" was instituted in 1996 and is offered to "a person of eminence in the field of Asian art, culture, literature and language studies" from Asian countries to pursue literary projects. It was announced on three individuals, Sri Lankan Archaeologist Senake Bandaranayake, Japanese author and anthropologist Chie Nakane, and Uzbekistani professor Azad N. Shamatov. [lower-alpha 1] The fellowship was discontinued after its first conferral and was revived in 2005 but no conferment has been made since then.

Premchand Fellowship

The "Premchand Fellowship" is instituted in 2005 and is named after Hindi writer Premchand, who is popularly known as "Munshi Premchand", during his 125th Birth Anniversary. It is given to "a person of eminence in the field of culture and literature" doing research on Indian literature or to creative writers from the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries other than India. The first and sole recipient of the fellowship is a Pakistani national and Urdu writer Intizar Hussain. The period of Fellowship for "Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship" and "Premchand Fellowship" ranges from one month to three months depending on the convenience and availability of the recipient. The visiting Fellow needs to submit a comprehensive report of their visit which is to be placed before the executive board and are requested to deliver lectures on the topic of their specialization in universities and institutions dealing in the discipline. [11]

List of fellows

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan is the first recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship. Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan is the first recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship.
Leopold Sedar Senghor is the first recipient of the Honorary Fellowship. Leopold Sedar Senghor (1987) by Erling Mandelmann - Crop.jpg
Léopold Sédar Senghor is the first recipient of the Honorary Fellowship.
Current fellows of Sahitya Akademi (from top to bottom)
Nagen Saikia.jpg
Nagen Saikia (2019)
Ruskin Bond 1.jpg
Ruskin Bond (2021)
Key
#Indicates a current fellow
Indicates Honorary Fellowship
Indicates Premchand Fellowship
§Indicates Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship
List of Sahitya Akademi fellows, showing the year [11] [13]
YearRecipient
1968 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
1969 Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay
D. R. Bendre
Sumitranandan Pant
C. Rajagopalachari
1970 Vaikom Muhammad Basheer
Firaq Gorakhpuri
Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar
Viswanatha Satyanarayana
1971 Dattatreya Balkrushna Kalelkar
Gopinath Kaviraj
Kalindi Charan Panigrahi
Gurbaksh Singh
1973 Masti Venkatesha Iyengar
Mangharam Udharam Malkani
Nilmoni Phukan
Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi
Sukumar Sen
Vishnuprasad Ranchhodlal Trivedi
1974 Léopold Sédar Senghor
1975 T. P. Meenakshisundaram
1979 Atmaram Ravaji Deshpande
Jainendra Kumar
Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa 'Kuvempu'
V. Raghavan
Mahadevi Varma
1985 Umashankar Joshi
K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar
K. Shivarama Karanth
1989 Mulk Raj Anand
Vinayaka Krishna Gokak
Laxmanshastri Balaji Joshi
Amritlal Nagar
Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Annada Shankar Ray
1994 Nagarjun
Balamani Amma
Ashapoorna Devi
Qurratulain Hyder
Vishnu Bhikaji Kolte
Kanhu Charan Mohanty
P. T. Narasimhachar
R. K. Narayan
Harbhajan Singh
1996 Jayakanthan
Senake Bandaranayake §
Edward C. Dimock
Daniel H. H. Ingalls Sr.
Vinda Karandikar
Chie Nakane [lower-alpha 1] §
Vidya Niwas Mishra
Subhash Mukhopadhyay
Raja Rao
Sachidananda Routray
Azad N. Shamatov §
Krishna Sobti
Ji Xianlin
Kamil Zvelebil
1999 Syed Abdul Malik
K. S. Narasimhaswamy
Gunturu Seshendra Sarma
Rajendra Shah
Ram Vilas Sharma
N. Khelchandra Singh
2000 Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar
Rehman Rahi #
2001 Ram Nath Shastri
2002 Kaifi Azmi
Eugene Chelyshev
Govind Chandra Pande
Nilmani Phookan #
Bhisham Sahni
Vassilis Vitsaxis
2004 Kovilan
U. R. Ananthamurthy
Vijaydan Detha
Shankha Ghosh #
Bhadriraju Krishnamurti
Amrita Pritam
Nirmal Verma
2005 Intizar Hussain
2006 Manoj Das #
Vishnu Prabhakar
2007 Ronald E. Asher
Anita Desai #
Kartar Singh Duggal
Ravindra Kelekar
2009 Gopi Chand Narang #
Ramakanta Rath #
2010 Chandranath Mishra Amar #
Kunwar Narayan #
Bholabhai Patel
Kedarnath Singh #
Khushwant Singh
2013 Raghuveer Chaudhari #
Arjan Hasid #
Sitakant Mahapatra #
M. T. Vasudevan Nair #
Asit Rai #
Satya Vrat Shastri #
Abhimanyu Unnuth
2014 Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa #
C. Narayana Reddy #
2016 Nirendranath Chakravarty #
Gurdial Singh
2017 Namvar Singh
2019 Jayanta Mahapatra #
Padma Sachdev
Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari #
Nagen Saikia [18] #
2020 Velcheru Narayana Rao [19]
2021 Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay [20] #
M. Leelavathy [21] #
Ruskin Bond #
Vinod Kumar Shukla #
Bhalchandra Nemade #
Tejwant Singh Gill #
Rambhadracharya #
Indira Parthasarathy #

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. 1 2 Out of three recipients, only Bandaranayake and Shamatov availed the fellowship and spent several weeks in India doing literary research. Nakane did not avail the fellowship.

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References

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  2. Rao, D.S. (2004). Five Decades of The National Academy of Letters, India: A Short History of Sahitya Akademi. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 7.
  3. 1 2 George, Rosemary Marangoly (2013), Indian English and the Fiction of National Literature, Cambridge University Press, p. 144, ISBN   978-1-107-04000-7 Quote: Poet, President of Senegal, and theorist of "Négritude" Leopold Sangor was elected the first Honorary Fellow of the Sahitya Akademi in 1974. This group was to complement the category of "Fellows of the Akademi" whose number was at no time to exceed twenty-one in total and who were to be living Indian writers of undisputed excellence — "the immortals of literature."
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  17. Rao, D.S. (2004). Five Decades of The National Academy of Letters, India: A Short History of Sahitya Akademi. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 26.
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  19. Varma, P. Sujatha (27 February 2021). "Kendra Sahitya Akademi award for Velcheru Narayana Rao". The Hindu via www.thehindu.com.
  20. "Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay: সাহিত্য অকাদেমির 'ফেলো' সম্মান শীর্ষেন্দুর, বাংলা সাহিত্যের মুকুটে নতুন পালক". www.anandabazar.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  21. "Ruskin Bond, Vinod Kumar Shukla and Six Others Named For Sahitya Akademi Fellowship". The Indian Express . Retrieved 19 September 2021.

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