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Sukarno was an Indonesian statesman, politician, nationalist, and assimilationist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Pancasila is the official, foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia. Pancasila comprises two words originally derived from Sanskrit: "pañca" ("five") and "śīla" ("principles").
The term Government of Indonesia can have a number of different meanings. At its widest, it can refer collectively to the three traditional branches of government – the executive branch, legislative branch and judicial branch. The term is also used colloquially to mean the executive and legislature together, as these are the branches of government responsible for day-to-day governance of the nation and lawmaking. At its narrowest, the term is used to refer to the executive branch in form of the Cabinet of Indonesia as this is the branches of government responsible for day-to-day governance.
Banten, also written as Bantam, is a port town near the western end of Java, Indonesia. It has a secure harbour at the mouth of Banten River, a navigable passage for light craft into the island's interior. The town is close to the Sunda Strait through which important ocean-going traffic passes between Java and Sumatra. Formerly Old Banten was the capital of a sultanate in the area, was strategically important and a major centre for trade.
The position of Prime Minister of Indonesia existed from 1945 until 1966. During this period, the prime minister was in charge of the Cabinet of Indonesia, one of the three branches of government along with the People's Representative Council and the president. Following his 1959 decree, President Sukarno assumed the role and powers of prime minister until his resignation in 1966.
Sarwo Edhie Wibowo was an Indonesian military leader and the father of Kristiani Herrawati, the former first lady of Indonesia and the wife of president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and also the father of Chief of Staff Pramono Edhie Wibowo. As an army colonel he played a direct role in directing troops during the Indonesian killings of 1965–66, in which more than half a million Indonesian civilians died. Later, he served as Chairman of the BP-7 center, as Indonesia's ambassador for South Korea and as governor of the Indonesian Military academy.
The Gilchrist Document is a much cited letter from 1965 often used to support arguments for Western involvement in the overthrow of Sukarno in Indonesia. The document purports to be a letter from the British ambassador to Jakarta, Andrew Gilchrist, addressed to the British Foreign Office and refers to a joint US–UK plan for military intervention in Indonesia.
Muhammadiyah ; also known as the Muhammadiyah Society is a major Islamic non-governmental organization in Indonesia. The organization was founded in 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan in the city of Yogyakarta as a reformist socioreligious movement, advocating ijtihad - individual interpretation of Qur'an and Sunnah, as opposed to Taqlid - conformity to the traditional interpretations propounded by the ulama. It played an important role in the expansion of Salafism in Indonesia. Since its establishment, Muhammadiyah has adopted a reformist platform mixing religious and secular education, primarily as a way to promote the upward mobility of Muslims toward a 'modern' community and to purify Indonesian Islam of local syncretic practices. It continues to support local culture and promote religious tolerance in Indonesia, while a few of its higher education institutions are attended mostly by non-Muslims, especially in East Nusa Tenggara and Papua provinces. The group also runs a large chain of charity hospitals, and operated 128 universities as of the late 1990s.
Mohammad Yamin was an Indonesian poet, politician and national hero who played a key role in the writing of the draft preamble to the 1945 constitution.
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in what is now Indonesia. Their quest to dominate the source of the spices that sustained the lucrative spice trade in the early 16th century, along with missionary efforts by Roman Catholic orders, saw the establishment of trading posts and forts, and left behind a Portuguese cultural element that remains in modern-day Indonesia.
The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66, also known as the Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, or Indonesian politicide, were large-scale killings and civil unrest that occurred in Indonesia over several months, targeting Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) party members, communist sympathisers, Gerwani women, ethnic Javanese Abangan, ethnic Chinese, and alleged leftists, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government, which were supported by the United States and other Western countries. It began as an anti-communist purge following a controversial attempted coup d'état by the 30 September Movement. The most widely published estimates were that 500,000 to more than one million people were killed, with some estimates going as high as two to three million. The purge was a pivotal event in the transition to the "New Order" and the elimination of PKI as a political force, with impacts on the global Cold War. The upheavals led to the fall of President Sukarno and the commencement of Suharto's three-decade authoritarian presidency.
Port of Tanjung Priok is the busiest and most advanced Indonesian seaport, handling more than 50% of Indonesia's trans-shipment cargo traffic. The port is located at Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta, which is operated by Indonesian state owned PT Pelindo II. The port loaded and unloaded 6.2 million, 6.92 million, and 7.8 million TEUs of cargo during 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively, out of a total capacity of about 8 million TEUs. The container port ranked as 22nd busiest in the world by Lloyd's One Hundred Ports 2019.
The Indonesian Political Federation (GAPI) was created in 1939 in the Dutch East Indies and consisted of eight nationalist Indonesian political parties.
The Volksraad an advisory, and later semi-legislative institution for the Dutch East Indies, was provided for by law in 1916 but was only established with the actual installation of the Council in 1918. It was a hesitant and slow attempt at democratisation of the Dutch East Indies as part of the "ethical policy" adopted by the Dutch government. The power of the Volksraad was limited as it only had advisory powers. Although part of the council was elected only a small proportion of the population had voting rights.
Komering is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Indonesia, in the southern part of Sumatra.
Indonesia and Portugal established diplomatic relations in 1950. Portuguese explorer and trader first reached Indonesian archipelago during the age of exploration in the 16th century in order to search for spices in the Indies.
Indonesia–Liberia relations was officially established in 1965; however, it was not until 2013 that the bilateral relations between Indonesia and Liberia started to intensify, signed with the visits of two respective countries' leaders. Indonesian embassy in Abuja is also accredited to Liberia, while Liberian embassy in New Delhi is also accredited to Indonesia.
Tonjong Baru Station (TOJB) is a class III railway station located in Tonjong, Kramatwatu, Serang Regency, Banten. The station, which is located at an altitude of +4 m, is included in the Operation Area I Jakarta. This station only has three railway tracks with track 2 being a straight line.
Three Souths Affair was a standoff between Indonesian president Sukarno and commanders of military region in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and South Sumatra. The standoff began when on 22 August 1960, Hasan Basry as commander of South Kalimantan military region, banned all activities related to Indonesian Communist Party. Sukarno demanded Basry to lift the ban, which he rejected. The event escalated when commanders of South Sulawesi and South Sumatera followed the same move as what Basry did, which angered Sukarno. Basry further confronted Sukarno during regional commander annual meeting in November 1960, questioning why Sukarno wanted him to lift the ban.
On 1 June 2020, 02:15 Central Indonesia Time, a man carrying a gasoline torched a police car parked on South Daha, South Hulu Sungai Regency regional police office and attacked police stationed there with a katana sword. During this attack, there are three policemen guarding the office at early morning. One police, named Brigadir Leo Nardo Latupapua killed by the attacker. After attacker killed Leo, other two polices trying to flee & locked themselves in another room asking for help using phonecall. The attacker, refused to surrender shot to death by the police that arrived in the area. While no organization claimed responsibility about the attack, police find that the attacker carried an ISIS flag and a paper containing an ultimatum about Islamic state & jihad. Later two suspected terrorists belong to Jamaah Ansharut Daulah were arrested by police.
References
- 1 2 Sjamsuddin, Nazaruddin. The Republican Revolt: A Study of the Acehnese Rebellion . Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1985. p. 80
- ↑ Dokumen-dokumen Kongres nasional ke-vi Partai Komunis Indonesia , Djakarta 7–14 September 1959. Vol. 1. p. 219
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