Self-checkout

Last updated

NCR Corporation model of self-service checkouts and fast-lane at a Sainsbury's store. Self checkout using NCR Fastlane machines.jpg
NCR Corporation model of self-service checkouts and fast-lane at a Sainsbury's store.
NCR Corporation model of self-service checkout at an IKEA store. IKEA College Park self checkout.jpg
NCR Corporation model of self-service checkout at an IKEA store.

Self-checkouts (SCOs), also known as assisted checkouts (ACOs) or self-service checkouts, are machines that provide a mechanism for customers to complete their own transaction from a retailer without needing a traditional staffed checkout. When using SCOs, customers scan item barcodes before paying for their total shop without needing one-to-one staff assistance. Self-checkouts are used mainly in supermarkets, although they are not uncommon in department or convenience stores. [1] Most self-checkout areas are supervised by at least one staff member, often assisting customers process transactions, correcting prices, or otherwise providing service.

Contents

As of 2013, there were 191,000 self-checkout units deployed across the globe, and by 2025, it is predicted that 1.2 million units will be installed worldwide. [2] [3] It has been estimated that "the self-checkout system market in the U.S., which accounts for 41% of the global market, reached $1.4 billion in 2021." [4]

The machines were originally invented by David R. Humble at Deerfield Beach, Florida-based company CheckRobot Inc., with NCR Corporation having the largest market share. [5] [6] They were introduced to the public in July 1986; the first machine, produced by CheckRobot, was installed in a Kroger store near Atlanta, Georgia. [7] [8]

Typical systems

A self-service checkout at a Tesco store in Poland; a barcode scanner is in the glass below the display screen; below this is a flat metal plate on which produce may be weighed; a bank card PIN pad is to the right of the display screen; and to the right is the bagging area Self-service checkout in Tesco in Poland.jpg
A self-service checkout at a Tesco store in Poland; a barcode scanner is in the glass below the display screen; below this is a flat metal plate on which produce may be weighed; a bank card PIN pad is to the right of the display screen; and to the right is the bagging area

In self-checkout systems, the customer is typically required to:

There is normally at least one supervising staff member who will assist customers when required, authorise the sale of age-restricted products such as medicines, alcohol, knives and tobacco, remove or de-sensitize electronic article surveillance devices, and provide additional loss prevention and customer service. [9]

Scanning while shopping

"Scan It" kiosk at Giant Food store. Giant Food Scan It.jpg
"Scan It" kiosk at Giant Food store.

An alternative system (self-scanning) consists of a portable barcode scanner that is used by the customer to scan and bag items while shopping. [10] When the customer has finished shopping, the scanner is brought to a checkout kiosk, where the information from the barcode scanner is downloaded to the kiosk, usually in conjunction with a customer loyalty card. The customer pays and receives a receipt at the checkout kiosk. The integrity of the system is maintained through the use of random audits or RFID. Stop & Shop uses handheld scanners or mobile phone apps for its "ScanIt!" as-you-go system for customers who want to use it. [11]

The Walmart-owned warehouse club, Sam's Club, allows customers to download an app and scan items into their cart using a mobile application. [12] In summer 2018, Walmart China launched its Wechat-based "Scan and Go" program, allowing customers to scan items into their carts without downloading another mobile app, while paying through Wechat Payment or Alipay. The "Scan and Go" program carried 30% of all payments made in Chinese stores, and even improved sales in certain markets by 10%. [13]

In December 2016, Amazon announced a brick-and-mortar store in Seattle under the name Amazon Go, which uses a variety of cameras and sensors in order to see what customers are putting into their shopping bags. [14] The customers scan a QR code when they enter the store through a companion app, which is linked to their Amazon.com account. [15] When the customer exits the store, the items in their bag are automatically charged to the account. [16]

Hybrid systems

Suppliers like ITAB, NCR, Wincor-Nixdorf, and others have manufactured hybrid checkout systems that allows the checkout counter to be switched between either a cashier operated mode or a customer self-service mode. [17] [18]

Open-source systems

In 2010, the open-source-self-check project was announced. By using hardware and open source software, this library self-checkout system costs less than one-tenth of the commercial version. [19] [20]

A Java-based open source self check client for libraries, which has been used at the University of Oxford, [21] is also available under a GPL v3 license. [22]

RFID-based system

Several experimental stores in China use a combination of RFID and cameras to determine which products a customer has picked. Upon leaving, the customer passes through an RFID-reading gate and only has to pay the bill to check out. [23] [24] [25] [26]

Camera-based systems

Cameras and sensors in the ceiling at this Amazon Go cashierless store track customers' choices and charge customers automatically via a mobile app Amazon Go at Madison Centre (42589251230).jpg
Cameras and sensors in the ceiling at this Amazon Go cashierless store track customers' choices and charge customers automatically via a mobile app

Cashierless stores use cameras throughout the entire store. Customers either pay the bill on the way out, or register a smartphone on the way in so they can just walk out with their selected items.[ citation needed ]

As of April 2022, camera-based self-checkout machines are in use at some baseball stadiums in the United States. Systems manufactured by Caper Counters (acquired by Instacart) allow customers to put items in a designated area but not align them to expose the barcode. [27]

Advantages

One benefit to the retailer in providing self-checkout machines is in reduced labour costs: one attendant can often run four to six checkout lanes with the work of the cashier now being assumed by the customer. The size of a self-checkout machine is also smaller than a traditional checkout operated by a cashier; thus, a store can save space, which could be used for more shelves, display cabinets, or additional checkouts. [28]

Costco began to institute self-checkout screens for their food courts in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing the food court's kitchen staff to focus solely on food preparation and service. The system requires payment via debit or credit card, ending the need for customers to exchange paper money or coinage with those employees, a potential vector for disease transmission.

Customers who do not want to interact with the cashier can use the self-checkout. Systems which allow payment through mobile payment or a digital wallet system allow the customer to purchase their items without having to touch any part of the system, outside the bagging area, though if they utilize returned reusable bags, it can be a completely touchless experience.

Self-checkout can also sometimes be faster than using a cashier lane. This can reduce the length of checkout lines and wait times. [29] In a 2014 survey by NCR, 42% of customers said they liked the convenience of self-checkout, while 39% said it was faster than the cashier-assisted line. 90% of those surveyed responded as being users of self-checkout, with 7% of respondents saying they will always use self-checkout regardless of store lines and number of items. Respondents in Italy and Australia said they "always use self-checkout" at a rate of 13% and 9% respectively. [2]

One advantage is that self-checkouts can, if the necessary investment is made, provide a partly multilingual service. (It cannot be fully bilingual unless the goods themselves are labelled in all the relevant languages, which is often not the case.) For example, Tesco's Welsh stores which can serve customers in Welsh, [30] whereas finding enough fluent Welsh-speakers as staff can be difficult because in some areas only a small proportion of local people have Welsh as their first language. [31]

Disadvantages

A 2021 report by Raydiant found that 67% of users have experienced at least one failure of a self checkout system. 25% said they would avoid self checkout because of prior bad experiences or slows. 65% worry about cleanliness. [32] Many customers experience frustration at self-checkout when they need assistance. [33]

Accessibility

In 2002, a study was carried out where people with disabilities used self-checkout machines, and found that existing checkout machines were not designed for accessibility. [34] As of 2022, blind people, wheelchair users and others continue to struggle with the design of typical self-service machines which prevents them from shopping independently, and the problem is increasing as self-checkout machines are increasingly being installed. Although there are self-checkouts that have been designed for vision impaired and wheelchair users, they are not common, and disabled advocates are pushing for equal access. The US is considering regulations for accessibility of self-checkouts. [35]

Self-checkouts have been criticised for difficulties with usability and technical problems, which can have an adverse effect on the customer experience. [36] In 2023, the British retailer Booths announced that it would cease operating self-checkouts in its stores to improve customer service. [37]

Noise pollution

Customers often complain about the repeated robotic-sounding messages coming from self-service checkouts. In 2015, supermarket Tesco replaced the robotic announcements with more human-sounding voice prompts in response to criticism. [38]

Retailers have been known to use novelty voices for their self-service checkouts. For example, discount store Poundland has used the voices of Yoda, [39] Elvis Presley, Count Dracula and Father Christmas on various occasions. [40] In 2019, Marks & Spencer replaced its regular checkout announcers with the voices of judges from that year's season of Britain's Got Talent . The new voices led to an increase in customer complaints, with many questioning the appropriateness of some of the comments. [41]

Inventory record corruption

As customers are not trained to scan items, they may erroneously think that promotion items, such as 'buy one, get one' items, only need to be scanned once. It can also occur that the customer scans a different variety of a product that has the same price. Both of these scenarios would corrupt the inventory records of the retailer. [42]

Theft and skip-scanning

Security barriers in a British Sainsbury's shop require customers to scan receipts before being allowed to leave the premises Sainsburys checkout barriers 2.jpg
Security barriers in a British Sainsbury's shop require customers to scan receipts before being allowed to leave the premises

Failure to scan all items is a form of shoplifting (theft). This can happen innocently when a customer scans only one item of a "buy one, get one free" promotion, or deliberately by a customer at a self-checkout. Another form is scanning something expensive while using the barcode for a cheaper product, either having peeled off a label from another item in the store, or held by the customer in their hand underneath the item they pass over the scanner. [43] [44] The simplest form of skip-scanning is to pass the item quickly across the optical reader without it registering the item, perhaps covering the barcode with one's hand or finger. [45]

Retailers employ a variety of retail loss prevention methods. Increasingly, multiple cameras are being used to catch skip-scanning at all self-checkout locations, some monitored by loss prevention employees and others being fed to artificial intelligence systems which can detect skip-scanning movements or behaviors. For example, in 2020 Kroger signed up with new systems that detect a skipped scan and shows a video to the consumer who is given the opportunity to correct their mistake. If they repeat the action, then an employee is notified. [4] Some retails fit their self-checkout terminals with a CCTV system which displays the customer's face on a small video screen. The video is intended to deter shoplifters, but also has the potential to use an additional facial recognition system to identify known criminals. [46] [47] Some "missed-scan detection" systems have caused shoppers to feel embarrassed, harassed or accused, and honest shoppers to feel like they are being treated like thieves. [48] It has even been suggested to avoid self-checkouts on the premise that one could be charged with theft even if one did not notice an item did not ring up correctly. [49]

Since 2022, the British retailer Sainsbury's has introduced a receipt-scanning system in its stores. Self-checkout customers are held within a barriered area and are required to scan their printed receipt on an optical scanner to open an automatic gate, before they are permitted to exit the store. The system has been criticised for presuming customers to be potentially guilty of theft until they are able to prove their innocence by presenting a receipt. [50] [51] [52]

A study revealed that self-checkout machines increased shoplifting, 6.7% of transactions had some amount of shrink (theft), 1 in 5 shoppers admitted to accidentally taking an item without paying for it, 1 in 7 admitted to purposely stealing items, and individuals with household incomes over $100,000 per year were more likely to steal than lower income brackets. [53]

In response to a 120% increase in retail theft in 2023, some Target stores countered by limiting how many items customers can take through self-checkout, and some stores closed all their self-checkout lanes. [54]

Employment

Commentators have noted that the introduction of self-checkouts has enabled retailers to reduce in-store staffing levels, leading to lower levels of employment in the retail sector and poorer in-store maintenance. [36] [55]

Regulation

A California appeal court confirmed in September 2013, with a 2–1 majority, a law banning the sale of alcohol through self-checkouts. The law requires alcohol only to be sold in face-to-face transactions with staff members, as is mandatory for cigarettes, spray paint and some over-the-counter medication. The California Grocers Association condemned the bill, stating how SCOs already lock out alcohol, requiring store staff to verify and approve purchases of alcohol. Similarly, the court said that a previous direction from the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control was of no legal affect as it was not given for discussion or public comment. [56]

In 2020, the Oregon AFL–CIO backed a proposed ballot measure in Oregon, US, to prohibit stores from operating more than two self-checkout machines. [57]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cash register</span> Mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating transactions at a point of sale

A cash register, sometimes called a till,cashbucker, or automated money handling system, is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating transactions at a point of sale. It is usually attached to a drawer for storing cash and other valuables. A modern cash register is usually attached to a printer that can print out receipts for record-keeping purposes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barcode</span> Optical machine-readable representation of data

A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. Initially, barcodes represented data by varying the widths, spacings and sizes of parallel lines. These barcodes, now commonly referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D), can be scanned by special optical scanners, called barcode readers, of which there are several types.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Point of sale</span> Time and place where a retail transaction is completed

The point of sale (POS) or point of purchase (POP) is the time and place at which a retail transaction is completed. At the point of sale, the merchant calculates the amount owed by the customer, indicates that amount, may prepare an invoice for the customer, and indicates the options for the customer to make payment. It is also the point at which a customer makes a payment to the merchant in exchange for goods or after provision of a service. After receiving payment, the merchant may issue a receipt, as proof of transaction, which is usually printed but can also be dispensed with or sent electronically.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoplifting</span> Theft of goods from a retail establishment

Shoplifting, shop theft, retail theft, or retail fraud is the theft of goods from a retail establishment during business hours, typically by concealing a store item on one's person, in pockets, under clothes or in a bag, and leaving the store without paying. With clothing, shoplifters may put on items from the store and leave the store wearing the clothes. The terms shoplifting and shoplifter are not usually defined in law. The crime of shoplifting generally falls under the legal classification of larceny. Shoplifting is distinct from burglary, robbery, or armed robbery. In the retail industry, the word shrinkage can be used to refer to merchandise lost by shoplifting, but the word also includes loss by other means, such as waste, uninsured damage to products and theft by store employees.

Pak'nSave is a New Zealand discount food supermarket warehouse chain owned by the Foodstuffs cooperative. It is one of the three main supermarket chains in New Zealand, alongside Woolworths New Zealand and New World. There is a total of 58 Pak'nSave stores throughout the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cashier</span> Person who exchanges money for goods at a store

A retail cashier or simply a cashier is a person who handles the cash register at various locations such as the point of sale in a retail store. The most common use of the title is in the retail industry, but this job title is also used in the context of accountancy for the person responsible for receiving and disbursing money or within branch banking in the United Kingdom for the job known in the United States as a bank teller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Online shopping</span> Form of electronic commerce

Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser or a mobile app. Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine, which displays the same product's availability and pricing at different e-retailers. As of 2020, customers can shop online using a range of different computers and devices, including desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers and smartphones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Retail loss prevention</span> Practices to reduce loss of goods in retail stores

Retail loss prevention is a set of practices employed by retail companies to preserve profit. Loss prevention is mainly found within the retail sector but also can be found within other business environments.

Service Merchandise was a retail chain of catalog showrooms carrying jewelry, toys, sporting goods and electronics. The company, which first began in 1934 as a five-and-dime store, was in existence for 68 years before ceasing operations in 2002.

The Inventory Information Approval System, or IIAS, is a point-of-sale technology used by retailers that accept FSA debit cards, which are issued for use with medical flexible spending accounts (FSAs), health reimbursement accounts (HRAs), and some health savings accounts (HSAs) in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amazon Fresh</span> Grocery store chain and delivery service operated by Amazon.com

Amazon Fresh is a subsidiary of the American e-commerce company Amazon in Seattle, Washington. It is a grocery retailer with physical stores and delivery services in most major U.S. cities, as well as some international cities, such as Berlin, Hamburg, London, Milan, Munich, Rome, Tokyo, and some other locations in Singapore and India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Product return</span>

In retail, a product return is the process of a customer taking previously purchased merchandise back to the retailer, and in turn receiving a refund in the original form of payment, exchange.

A retail clerk, also known as a sales clerk, shop clerk, retail associate, or shop assistant, sales assistant or customer service assistant, is a service role in a retail business.

Mobile location analytics (MLA) is a type of customer intelligence and refers to technology for retailers, including developing aggregate reports used to reduce waiting times at checkouts, improving store layouts, and understanding consumer shopping patterns. The reports are generated by recognizing the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth addresses of cell phones as they interact with store networks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amazon Go</span> Convenience store chain operated by Amazon.com

Amazon Go is a chain of convenience stores in the United States and the United Kingdom, operated by the online retailer Amazon. The stores are cashierless, thus partially automated, with customers able to purchase products without being checked out by a cashier or using a self-checkout station. As of 2023, there are 43 open and announced store locations in Seattle, Chicago, London and New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unmanned store</span> Retail concept in which no employees staff a store

An unmanned store is a retail concept in which there are no service personnel and no cashiers in the store. The transactions are handled through a mobile application. Unlike an automated convenience store, the unmanned store concept relies on smartphone-related technologies and artificial intelligence to remove the traditional features of a store.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caper AI</span>

Caper is a software technology company that develops and deploys AI-powered automated checkout devices as well as AI-based software applications for retailers, grocers, convenience stores and other general merchandising store formats. Caper AI was established in 2016 by Lindon Gao, York Yang, Yilin Huang and Ahmed Beshry. It is headquartered in Manhattan, NY.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cashierless store</span> Store that does not contain a checkout

A cashierless store is a store which allows customers to shop their products and leave without having to wait in line and pay at a checkout. Cashierless stores can currently be found in the United States, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.

The Scanner Price Accuracy Code is a Canadian retail voluntary practice managed by the Retail Council of Canada and endorsed by the Competition Bureau. It was introduced in June 2002 as Canadian retailers were in the midst of updating their point-of-sale systems with barcode readers to "foster consumer confidence" with the new systems. It provides consumers with compensation for items with an incorrectly scanned price.

Trigo is a computer vision technology company founded by Michael and Daniel Gabay in 2018. Trigo provides a cashierless shopping solution for grocery retailers to implement partially or fully automated stores.

References

  1. ↑ "Self-checkout Systems Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Components (Systems, Services), By Type (Cash Based, Cashless), By Application, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027". Grand View Research. April 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  2. 1 2 "SELF-CHECKOUT: A GLOBAL CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE" (PDF). NCR Whitepaper. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  3. ↑ "NCR Named Global Leader in Self-Checkout for the 18th Consecutive Year". NCR Corporation . 9 September 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  4. 1 2 Moran, Catherine Douglas; Silverstein, Sam (14 March 2022). "As self-checkout expands in grocery, here are 4 ways the technology is leveling up". Grocery Dive.
  5. ↑ "Self-Checkout Reaches Critical Mass - LPM". losspreventionmedia.com. 2 January 2006.
  6. ↑ "Self-service distribution system".
  7. ↑ Dowell, Sharon (20 May 1987). "Self-Checkout Latest Innovation In Grocery Stores". The Oklahoman . Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  8. ↑ Meyersohn, Nathaniel (10 July 2022). "Nobody likes self-checkout. Here's why it's everywhere". CNN Business . Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  9. ↑ Daniella Miletic (22 April 2008). "A new way to shop — check it out for yourself". Melbourne: The Age. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
  10. ↑ Zimmerman, Ann (18 May 2011). "Check Out the Future of Shopping". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  11. ↑ "How to Use the Scan It! Device at Stop & Shop". 4 August 2021.
  12. ↑ Sozzi, Brian (22 September 2016). "Walmart's sam's club scan-and-go app may make cash registers obsolete". TheStreet. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  13. ↑ "南方都市报：边逛边扫移动支付，沃尔玛推进门店升级，记者带你体验"扫码购"". www.oeeee.com. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  14. ↑ Stevens, Laura; Safdar, Khadeeja (6 December 2016). "Amazon Working on Several Grocery-Store Formats, Could Open More Than 2,000 Locations". Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  15. ↑ Wingfield, Nick (5 December 2016). "Amazon Moves to Cut Checkout Line, Promoting a Grab-and-Go Experience". The New York Times . Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  16. ↑ Garun, Natt (5 December 2016). "Amazon just launched a cashier-free convenience store". The Verge . Vox Media . Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  17. ↑ Barwick, Hamish (19 December 2012). "Coles trials hybrid self-checkout system in Victoria". computerworld.com.au. IDG Communication. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  18. ↑ "Wincor Nixdorf to present 'Always Open' checkout solution at NRF Big Show". kioskmarketplace.com. Networld Media Group. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  19. ↑ "open-source-self-check". google.com. Google Project Hosting. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  20. ↑ "Self-Check Kiosk from Scratch: Iowa Librarian's Coding Skills Prove Valuable". Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
  21. ↑ Oxford Developments at GAUG 2002 Archived from the original on 24 November 2012
  22. ↑ "Ceridwen Self Issue Client". ceridwen.com. Ceridwen Limited. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  23. ↑ "A store without cashiers opens in China's "future city"". Abacus. 3 May 2018.
  24. ↑ "Alibaba's 'Futuremart' is a High-Tech Cashierless Store in China". www.altaviawatch.com.
  25. ↑ "Tencent beats Amazon to launch unmanned shop in Shanghai". South China Morning Post. 22 January 2018.
  26. ↑ Horwitz, Josh (22 January 2018). "China is both ahead of and behind Amazon in cashier-less stores". Quartz.
  27. ↑ Diti Kohli (20 April 2022). "No cash, no cashier: AI-powered checkout debuts at Fenway Park".
  28. ↑ Manfred Krafft; Murali K. Mantrala (17 December 2009). Retailing in the 21st Century: Current and Future Trends. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 189. ISBN   978-3-540-72003-4.
  29. ↑ "The Pros and Cons of Using Self-Checkouts - BusinessBee". BusinessBee. 7 August 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  30. ↑ Hosford, Paul (24 March 2014). "Tesco is looking at introducing Irish-speaking self-service checkouts" . Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  31. ↑ "Home Truths: the decline of the Welsh language" . Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  32. ↑ "The State of Self-Service Checkouts". Raydiant. 19 February 2021.
  33. ↑ Meyersohn, Nathaniel (10 July 2022). "Nobody likes self-checkout. Here's why it's everywhere". CNN. Retrieved 17 April 2023. Self-checkout lines get clogged as the customers needed to wait for store staff to assist with problems with bar codes, coupons, payment problems and other issues that invariably arise with many transactions
  34. ↑ Bajaj, Komal; Mirka, Gary A.; Sommerich, Carolyn M.; Khachatoorian, Haig (31 March 2006). "Evaluation of a Redesigned Self-Checkout Station for Wheelchair Users". Assistive Technology. 18 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1080/10400435.2006.10131903. PMID   16796238. S2CID   14568951.
  35. ↑ Deighton, Katie (21 November 2022). "Disabled Shoppers Struggle With Inaccessible Self-Checkouts". Wall Street Journal.
  36. 1 2 Mull, Amanda (18 October 2023). "Self-Checkout Is a Failed Experiment". The Atlantic. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  37. ↑ Brown, Mark; correspondent, Mark Brown North of England (10 November 2023). "Booths supermarkets to ditch self-checkouts in north of England stores". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  38. ↑ Chester, Tom (30 July 2015). "Tesco replacing 'irritating' self-checkout robo-voice". Mashable UK . Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  39. ↑ "Jedi Master Yoda is set to help out at the tills at Ballymena's Poundland – he must!". The Ballymena Daily. 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  40. ↑ "WATCH: Elvis, Dracula and Santa entertain customers at Poundland store in Derry". Derry Now. 1 November 2018. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  41. ↑ Kalia, Ammar (23 April 2019). "Chummy automation: why no one wants Ant and Dec to voice the M&S tills". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  42. ↑ "Self-checkout in Retail: Measuring the Loss" (PDF). Efficient Consumer Response. October 2018.
  43. ↑ Varghese, Benson. "Self Checkout Theft : Skip Scanning And Theft Charges In Texas". Varghese Summersett. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  44. ↑ Hill, Nick (15 November 2022). "Skip-Scanning Raises Concerns about Self-Checkouts". WDEF-TV . Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  45. ↑ Kocher, Jennifer (31 March 2020). "Self-checkout "Skip Scanning" Problems Continue at Walmart". Outliers News.
  46. ↑ Zhadan, Anna (14 March 2023). "Sports Direct slammed over facial recognition tech" . Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  47. ↑ Eccleston, Ben (7 July 2018). "Does your supermarket have CCTV at its self service tills?". Coventry Live. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  48. ↑ Reuter, Dominick (23 October 2023). "Walmart shoppers say they are fed up with the store's self-checkout system". Business Insider.
  49. ↑ "Attorney goes viral for advising shoppers to skip self-checkout lanes". Fox 26 Houston. 16 July 2022 – via YouTube.
  50. ↑ Nazir, Sahar (13 December 2022). "Sainsbury's faces backlash as it makes shoppers scan receipts to exit stores". www.retailgazette.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023.
  51. ↑ Sommerlad, Joe (18 December 2022). "Shoppers rage against supermarket's scan-receipt-to-exit policy". The Independent. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  52. ↑ "'It's ridiculous!': Furious Sainsbury's shoppers criticise new barriers 'detaining' customers who fail to show receipt". LBC. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  53. ↑ Reuter, Dominick (6 December 2023). "Self-checkout theft is a bigger problem than you may have thought". Business Insider.
  54. ↑ Kline, Daniel (14 December 2023). "Target makes an extreme move to cut retail theft". TheStreet. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  55. ↑ Booth, Robert; correspondent (11 September 2019). "Shop closures and self-checkouts cost tens of thousands of women's jobs". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  56. ↑ Egelko, Bob (20 September 2013). "Alcohol can't be sold at self-checkout lines". SFGate. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  57. ↑ Withycome, Claire. "Measure to limit self-checkout gets nod from Oregon Supreme Court". Corvallis Gazette Times. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.