Women's studies is an academic field that draws on feminist and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study,while examining social and cultural constructs of gender;systems of privilege and oppression;and the relationships between power and gender as they intersect with other identities and social locations such as race,sexual orientation,socio-economic class,and disability.
In sociology,homosociality means same-sex relationships that are not of a romantic or sexual nature,such as friendship,mentorship,or others. Researchers who use the concept mainly do so to explain how men uphold men's dominance in society.
The Society for Classical Studies (SCS),formerly known as the American Philological Association (APA),is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of Greek and Roman civilization founded in 1869. It is the preeminent association in the field and publishes a journal,Transactions of the American Philological Association (TAPA). The SCS is currently based at New York University.
Greek love is a term originally used by classicists to describe the primarily homoerotic customs,practices,and attitudes of the ancient Greeks. It was frequently used as a euphemism for both homosexuality and pederasty. The phrase is a product of the enormous impact of the reception of classical Greek culture on historical attitudes toward sexuality,and its influence on art and various intellectual movements.
'Greece' as the historical memory of a treasured past was romanticised and idealised as a time and a culture when love between males was not only tolerated but actually encouraged,and expressed as the high ideal of same-sex camaraderie. ... If tolerance and approval of male homosexuality had happened once—and in a culture so much admired and imitated by the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries—might it not be possible to replicate in modernity the antique homeland of the non-heteronormative?
Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza is a Romanian-born German,Roman Catholic feminist theologian,who is currently the Krister Stendahl Research Professor of Divinity at Harvard Divinity School.
Homosexuality in ancient Rome often differs markedly from the contemporary West. Latin lacks words that would precisely translate "homosexual" and "heterosexual". The primary dichotomy of ancient Roman sexuality was active / dominant / masculine and passive / submissive / feminine. Roman society was patriarchal,and the freeborn male citizen possessed political liberty (libertas) and the right to rule both himself and his household (familia). "Virtue" (virtus) was seen as an active quality through which a man (vir) defined himself. The conquest mentality and "cult of virility" shaped same-sex relations. Roman men were free to enjoy sex with other males without a perceived loss of masculinity or social status as long as they took the dominant or penetrative role. Acceptable male partners were slaves and former slaves,prostitutes,and entertainers,whose lifestyle placed them in the nebulous social realm of infamia,so they were excluded from the normal protections accorded to a citizen even if they were technically free. Freeborn male minors were off limits at certain periods in Rome.
Nossis was a Hellenistic poet from Epizephyrian Locris in Magna Graecia. Probably well-educated and from a noble family,Nossis was influenced by and claimed to rival Sappho. Eleven or twelve of her epigrams,mostly religious dedications and epitaphs,survive in the Greek Anthology,making her one of the best-preserved ancient Greek women poets,though her work does not seem to have entered the Greek literary canon. In the twentieth century,the imagist poet H. D. was influenced by Nossis,as was Renée Vivien in her French translation of the ancient Greek women poets.
In feminist theory,kyriarchy is a social system or set of connecting social systems built around domination,oppression,and submission. The word was coined by Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza in 1992 to describe her theory of interconnected,interacting,and self-extending systems of domination and submission,in which a single individual might be oppressed in some relationships and privileged in others. It is an intersectional extension of the idea of patriarchy beyond gender. Kyriarchy encompasses sexism,racism,ableism,ageism,antisemitism,Islamophobia,anti-Catholicism,homophobia,transphobia,fatphobia,classism,xenophobia,economic injustice,the prison-industrial complex,colonialism,militarism,ethnocentrism,speciesism,linguicism and other forms of dominating hierarchies in which the subordination of one person or group to another is internalized and institutionalized.
The African Gender Institute (AGI) is a feminist research and teaching group that studies issues related to gender in Africa. It has become a department at the University of Cape Town (UCT),administered within the School of African and Gender Studies,Social Anthropology and Linguistics. The AGI has its own staff and has a unique degree of independence from UCT.
Goddesses,Whores,Wives,and Slaves:Women in Classical Antiquity is a 1975 feminist history book by Sarah B. Pomeroy. The work covers the lives of women in antiquity from the Greek Dark Ages to the death of Constantine the Great. The book was one of the first English works on women's history in any period. It has been used as a textbook in many university-level courses on women in classical antiquity.
Amy Ellen Richlin is a professor in the Department of Classics at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). Her areas of specialization include Latin literature,the history of sexuality,and feminist theory.
Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz is a classical scholar,specialising in ancient Greek literature and intersectional feminism.
The Women's Classical Committee UK (WCC) is a group of academics,students,and teachers who aim to support women in Classics,promote feminist and gender-informed perspectives in Classics,raise the profile of the study of women in antiquity and Classical reception,and advance equality and diversity in Classics.
Feminist rhetoric emphasizes the narratives of all demographics,including women and other marginalized groups,into the consideration or practice of rhetoric. Feminist rhetoric does not focus exclusively on the rhetoric of women or feminists,but instead prioritizes the feminist principles of inclusivity,community,and equality over the classic,patriarchal model of persuasion that ultimately separates people from their own experience. Seen as the act of producing or the study of feminist discourses,feminist rhetoric emphasizes and supports the lived experiences and histories of all human beings in all manner of experiences. It also redefines traditional delivery sites to include non-traditional locations such as demonstrations,letter writing,and digital processes,and alternative practices such as rhetorical listening and productive silence. According to author and rhetorical feminist Cheryl Glenn in her book Rhetorical Feminism and This Thing Called Hope (2018),"rhetorical feminism is a set of tactics that multiplies rhetorical opportunities in terms of who counts as a rhetor,who can inhabit an audience,and what those audiences can do." Rhetorical feminism is a strategy that counters traditional forms of rhetoric,favoring dialogue over monologue and seeking to redefine the way audiences view rhetorical appeals.
Fiona McHardy is a Professor of Classics and also the Head of History and Classics in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Roehampton. In 2003 she started work at Roehampton where she was responsible for building up the BA Classical Civilisation. Her research interests include ancient and modern Greek literature,folk poetry,anthropology and culture. She teaches modules on ancient Greek language,literature and culture.
Ruby Blondell is Professor Emerita of Classics and Adjunct Professor Emerita of Gender,Women,&Sexuality Studies at the University of Washington;prior to retirement,they were the Byron W. and Alice L. Lockwood Professor of Humanities also at the University of Washington. Their research centres on Greek intellectual history,gender studies,and the reception of ancient myth in contemporary culture.
Sarah B. Pomeroy is an American Professor of Classics.
The ethnicity of Cleopatra VII,the last active Hellenistic ruler of the Macedonian-led Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt,has caused debate in some circles. There is a general consensus among scholars that she was predominantly of Macedonian Greek ancestry and minorly of Iranian descent. Others,including some scholars and laymen,have speculated whether she may have had additional ancestries.
Tina Passman is an American classical scholar,who is Emeritus Associate Professor of Classical Language and Literature at the University of Maine. Alongside David Halperin,Passman was one of the first co-chairs of the Lesbian and Gay Classical Caucus,now Lambda Classical Caucus,which was founded in 1989. She studied for her BA,MA and PhD in Classics at the University of Iowa. Her research interests include women in the ancient world,multiculturalism,community building and inclusion. She pioneered online teaching and the adoption of universal design in her field.
